ICCVH -2016-International Conference on Concrete Vision for Humanity

"ICCVH 2016 Conference Papers "

STUDY ON FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE ON THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE VARIATION[ ]


Fire resistant of the concrete structure is an important factor to be considered for the design of building. Fire may cause different degree of damage to the structure depending up on the temperature and duration of its exposure. Adding of fiber in the concrete improves the residual strength and the fracture energy. In this research an experimental investigation has been carried out to study the impact strength of fiber in concrete at elevated temperature. Specimens will be heated from 250ºC to 1000ºC and cooled by natural air. Steel, Polypropylene, Basalt, Glass and Carbon fibers are added to enhance the fracture energy of concrete at elevated temperature. An attempt has been made to study the effect of temperature on impact strength on concrete at different elevated temperature. These specimens will be heated using Muffle furnace. After heating, the specimens will be allowed to cool naturally in the furnace for about 24 hours. Impact strength of specimens are compared with reference specimen (no fiber).

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SHEAR AND FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUROF POLYPROPYLENE AND CRIMPED STEEL FIBER CONCRETE BEAMS[ ]


In this study, steel and polypropylene fibers are used to improve flexural and shear performance of reinforced concrete. The purpose of this work is to present the results of a study carried out to characterize the structural behavior of FRC beams under shear loading, considering fibers of different materials (steel and polymeric).

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EFFECTIVE SELECTION OF FORM WORK FOR HIGH RISE BUILDINGS[ ]


In a tall building construction with reinforced concrete structures, the selection of an appropriate formwork system is a crucial factor for the success of the project. Thus, selecting an appropriate formwork system affects the entire construction duration and cost, as well as subsequent construction activities. However, in practice, the selection of an appropriate formwork system has depended mainly on the intuitive and subjective opinion of working level employees with restricted experience. This study is to focus on identifying the qualitative factors affecting the selection of the formwork at high rise buildings from the various literatures and the interview with the selected respondents. Questionnaire has been prepared with keep in mind about residential and commercial projects only and the questionnaire will be distributed to various Project Managers, Planning Engineers, and contractors in Chennai, Bengaluru, Coimbatore and Erode. Developing a decision support model for formwork, incorporating all the major constraints, that will help whether the resources is necessary and feasible at site.

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THE DEVELOPMENT OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN SALEM, INDIA[ ]


The development of ‘Affordable housing’ has become an urgent and important topic of discussion in India. Unlike in western countries where the social welfare system has been set up for many years and the public housing system also is mature, in most of Asian countries, the social welfare systems are still weak in relation to their large amount of low-income populations. The gap between rich and poor is considerable large, and is still increasing, many people with low-income could not afford their own houses since the minimum down-payment and the entry-requirement of real estate market are both increasingly high, the ‘Affordable housing’ is therefore very difficult to be developed appropriately under this circumstances.

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Experimental Investigation of Increase The Strength of Bitumen By Using Plastic[ ]


This project can explain that enhancing the strength of bitumen. This can be done by using plastic in bitumen. There is use any type of plastics in bitumen. In now a days to use the plastic bitumen roads. This is prepared by the pavements. The plastic is first mixed with aggregate in the pavement and then the bitumen can used to binder material. This method of mix proportion to give the good result, but there is no homogeneity in load bearing capacity in all over areas. There is the advantage is the construction method is easy, the disadvantage is no homogeneity in load bearing capacity. This waste plastic modified bitumen mix show better binding property, stability, stiffness, density and extra resistant to water. Test in bitumen’s such as Penetration test, Ductility test, Softening point test, Viscosity test ect…

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INVESTIGATION OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE BY USING SELF CURING AGENTS[ ]


In this study strength parameters of self-compacting concrete, self-curing concrete, Self-compacted self-curing concrete M20 and M25 grade are compared with Conventional Concrete. Mechanical properties of the concrete specimens such as compressive strength, and flexural strength are to be perfomed. Self-compacting concrete describes concrete with the ability to compact itself by means of its own weight the requirement for vibration. It is proved to fill all recesses reinforcement spaces and voids even in highly reinforced concrete members.Self- compacting concrete incorporating self-compacting agents have been studied and tests are performed using self-compacting agents. The Self-curing of concreteis for maintaining satisfactory moisture content in concrete during its early stages in order to develop the desired properties.

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STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE[ ]


The main aim of the present study was to combine different fibres namely crimped stainless steel fibre, glass fibre and polypropylene fibre to produce HFRC and thus to evaluate its performance under compression, tension and flexure types of loading. Based on I.S. Code method of mix design, proportion of different ingredients was obtained to get M40 grade of concrete. Samples were prepared by varying the volume fraction of fibres from 0 to 1% for each fibres individually and then the optimum percentage of fibres were combined to obtain HFRC (Hybrid Fibre Reinforced Concrete). Total 11 different types of FRC matrices were considered for performance evaluation.

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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBER[ ]


In present world construction of very challenging and complicated structures are done by civil engineers. Concrete is most widely used construction material in the world which possesses very high strength and sufficient workability. Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is a concrete in which small and discontinuous fibers are dispersed uniformly. Researches all over the world are attempting to develop the high performance concrete by using fiber and other admixtures in concrete up to certain proportions.

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Experimental Investigation of Factors Influencing reworks in Construction[ ]


Rework in construction project is referred to as an unnecessary effort of redoing a process or activity that was incorrectly implemented in the first instance. In constructions, rework can result from an array of factors such errors, omissions, failures, changes, poor communication. In this paper, the significance of reducing rework and overrun cost due to rework has been arrived.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON VARIOUS TECHNIQUES IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY[ ]


The development of technology in construction industry has lead to control cost, time and quality in all aspects, when considering a construction project the contractor want to finish the work within the time, if the work is not completed within a time the cost of the project will get increased and the penalty is imposed to the contractor. In order to overcome these problems the speedy construction techniques are required. Thus the study of various speedy techniques such as Aluminium Formwork Technology, Precast Technology, Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks with Conventional method develops the pros and cone of the technology and helps in implementing the effective one on comparative basis.

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FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF ROLLED STEEL I- BEAM AND CASTELLATED STEEL BEAMS[ ]


Economy, ease and speed of construction are the main factors for using steel as a building material. In this paper castellated beams with hexagonal openings and standard hot rolled I-sections are considered as the main flexural member of industrial buildings. The main goal of manufacturing castellated beams is to increase the moment of inertia, section modulus, depth of section without any additional weight. The initiative was to identify the maximum load behaviour and deflection of steel beams with openings in the web. The performance of such beams has been considered only for vertical loads. Hot rolled steel beam of ISMB 150 with openings in the web were tested to failure. The beams were simply supported at the ends and subjected to a concentrated load applied at the mid-span. The openings considered in the experimental study are standard and non-standard hexagonal shapes. The deflection at centre of beam and various failure patterns are studied. All the beams were analyzed by the finite element method by using general finite element analysis software ANSYS and the results were compared with those obtained experimentally. The finite element results for deformation and ultimate strength shows good agreement with the corresponding values observed in the experiments. At last, a comparative study was carried out using finite element method to examine that which type of beam gives best performance during loading. The numerical results indicate that the use of Castellated beam sections is an economical and advantageous choice.

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A STUDY OF VARIOUS FACTORS AFFECTING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION AND SUGGESTIONS TO IMPROVE IT[ ]


The construction industry is the second largest industry after agriculture. Construction is normally classified into buildings and infrastructure projects. Construction industry comprises of a large number of Labours. Various studies were carried out on building projects related to productivity. The productivity of the labour varies according to work nature. This study is to identify and analyze what all are the factors that affects the productivity of labour in road construction. The questionnaire is prepared based on various literatures and data collected from the site. The most significant factor that affects the productivity is identified through the Relative Importance Index (RII) method. The findings indicate the top factors affecting the productivity of the labour are work area restriction, inspection delays, construction method, poor soil condition, unavailability of experienced labours,delays in decision making,high quality of required works and lack of training.

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MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE WITH HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE[ ]


Self compacting concrete(SCC) is able to compact itself without any additional vibration or compaction. SCC provides an efficient solution to the problems of inadequate compaction of concrete which would result in large number of voids, affecting performance and durability of structures. This project involves an experimental study to investigate the properties of stainless steel and polypropylene fibres g and discusses the suitability of those properties to enable stainless steel and polypropylene fibres to be used in the concrete.

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A Study on Forecasting Price Escalation of Various Resources in Construction by Least Square Method[ ]


Cost variation is one of the major problems in the construction industry which will affect the total cost of the project. The variation of cost is mainly due to the increase in cost of men, material and equipment. In construction project 80-85% of cost is spent for materials, equipment and labours. So change in cost of these items will greatly fluctuate the total project cost. The main objective of this study is to compare the cost of construction materials, equipment and labour for the past 7 years and then to forecast the future cost for materials, equipment and labour for the next 5 years in the construction industry. A statistical method such as method of least square is used to measure the price variations. This forecasted cost can be compared to the actual cost of the project and the percentage of variation of the increase in cost can be measured.

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REPARATION OF ION EXCHANGE ACTIVATED CARBON FROM PADDY HUSK AND PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE REMOVAL OF MERCURY (11) & CHROMIUM (VI) FROM WATER AND WASTE WATER[ ]


Large quantities of water are used by many industries. The water quantities used by industries are difficult in nature. Water pollution is a situation in which a contaminant is introduced into aqueous system more than the permissible level .Many methods are available for the removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater.

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ENSURING QUALITY ASSURANCE BY USING CMC SYSTEM[ ]


Quality assurance is a way of preventing mistakes or defects in manufactured products and avoiding problems when delivering solution or services to the customer. Quality, Specification and Standardization are most important aspects in the construction industry. This initiates from materials which we are using in the construction field. So it is very essential to check and verify the above said parameters for all materials. It takes some time for the professionals to verify the quality parameters of a particular material and its difficult to cross check with the IS code provision. The CMC system which means Construction Material Checking system is used for this purpose. The CMC system is develop by using Hypertext Pre-Processor (PHP) language concept. This quality system is not only useful for construction sector but also useful for the student community to know about the basic quality parameters.

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IMPROVING PRODUCTIVITY OF THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY[ ]


Productivity plays an important role in the construction industry. It helps the construction industry to be competitive to achieve goals and to meet the value propositions. The objective of this research is to identify the key factor affecting the productivity of the construction industry. Four type of analysis is done for brick work and concrete work; they are process analysis, activity analysis, operation analysis, cost analysis. Through process analysis scope of work, material and manpower involved are identified. Activity analysis aims to analyze sequence of work and complete method of work involved. Operation analysis helps in understanding responsibility of every individual involved in the process. Cost analysis helps to identify the total cost of brick work and concrete. And also factors affecting on-site productivity are identified. Recommendations and suggestions will be given to improve productivity.

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CONTINUOUS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT IN READY MIX CONCRETE PLANTS[ ]


In construction projects, quality, time and cost are the main factor for its success. Achieving good quality in scheduled time and budgeted cost is one of the tougher task. The use of ready mix concrete for the construction projects will reduce the time with a little variation in cost. In most areas the quality of RMC is proved as sub-standard. Hence the doubtfulness on the quality of RMC among the people and the construction personnel is the reason for the low preference of RMC than site mix concrete. To improve the quality of the concrete produced the system in the RMC plants should be standardized. The quality control should be ensured in the production process through the continuous process improvement. Such process improvement can be achieved using the statistical process control (SPC) tools. This project aims in standardization of the quality of the concrete produced in the RMC plants using the SPC tools.

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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON BEHAVIOUR OF BIOLOGICAL PLASTICIZER IN CONCRETE[ ]


Small amounts of special natural or synthetic additives are used as modifiers of concrete mixtures consisting of cement, sand, gravel and water. Adding fractions of a percent of such compounds to concrete mixtures causes significant effects on chemical processes responsible for hardening, changes the structure and properties of concrete, improves the physic technological parameters of concrete mixtures and decreases its cost. Modifiers allow desired changes in the properties of concrete mixtures and concrete to be made. The additives decrease the water release from the concrete mixture, increase its fluidity and facilitate air attraction. Modifiers impart a cellular structure to concrete, increase its strength and longevity, ensure hardening at negative temperatures, improve the quality of products and facilitates building work.The most effective modifiers of concrete are substances that affect the reaction capacity of cement, rheological properties of cement gel, and physiochemical properties of cement stone. Individual ingredients of complex additives rapidly interact with one or several components of the mixture during formation of the solid phase of the bonding system and change the extent of hydration of mineral particles. These reactions result in the formation of new compounds that change the surface properties of the particles.Biological additives which displaying plasticizing affects that may regulate the properties of concrete mixtures and finished construction materials. Currently, a promising trend in the construction industry is designing high quality, long-lasting concrete materials by adding complex biological modifiers that display multi functional effects.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY ON INNOVATIVE MATERIALS Vs TRADITIONAL MATERIALS IN CONSTRUCTION WITH RESPECT TO COST AND TIME[ ]


In conventional method of construction there are many natural resources is been wasted. Making of conventional materials also creates pollution and some environmental effects. The size and weight of the conventional materials in construction plays a main role in fixing the prices for productivity and total estimate of the project due to the demand of the conventional materials. So implementing the innovative materials in construction project will reduce the demand of conventional materials in practice, also the manufacturing of the innovative materials are eco-friendly. The size and shape of the conventional materials are irregular, but innovative materials are manufactured by machines so the materials can be made in various sizes and shapes. Also the innovative materials are light in weight which will reduce the dead load of the structure and also make some design changes, size and light weight increases productivity in low cost.

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An Experimental Study on Strength & Durability of Concrete Using Partial Replacement of Cement with Nano Silica[ ]


Nano science and technology is a new field of emergence in materials science and engineering, which forms the basis for evolution of novel technological materials. The basic concept behind using nano material which are having large surface area is to improve compressive and flexural strength at early ages when compared with conventional cementitious material. The purpose of this study is to compare the properties of conventional concrete and nano concrete. Strength and durability tests will be carried out. Thus, there is a scope for development nano materials can also pave the path to reduce the cement content in concrete than the conventional mixes while maintaining same strength characteristics, which will lead into the production of ‘greener’ concrete.

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INVENTORY MANAGEMENT AND COST ANALYSIS[ ]


Construction materials constitute a large portion of the total cost in construction projects. It may account for 50-60% of the total project cost. Material management includes finding the availability, proper selection, procurement, inventory management and effective usage of materials at right time. In this inventory management is one of the single largest components to improve the productivity,cost efficient of a project and help to ensure timely completion of the project.

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Android Application-Control and Monitoring in Construction Project[ ]


The aim of the project is to provide a generalized and integrated solution module to monitor the construction tasks carried out at different venues in the construction industry. This system consists of sequence of activities which are scheduled as per the company’s calendar. It enables automatic rescheduling methodology in which the site engineers at different construction site can upload the images and the data like quantity of work executed, number of labours, expenditures, over heads etc of the completed tasks which are carried out each and every day. Those uploaded data and images can be viewed by the project manager their mobile module and the copy of those data are also sent to the default e-mail id of the project manager which act like a backup. Both project manager and site engineer can login into this module through their authenticated user name and password. Whenever the site engineer upload their data and image of the project and SMS alert will be received by project manager at that instance. This module possesses a way to export the data and images into MS Excel format from the mobile application.

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A STUDY REPORT ON COST, DURATION AND QUALITY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT FORMWORKS IN HIGH-RISE BUILDING[ ]


The selection of a suitable formwork system in high-rise building construction is a crucial factor to success the project on time. So the selecting a suitable formwork system to affects the entire construction cost, time and quality of construction. The objective of this study is to identify the different formworks used for the construction of high-rise building. And also analyzing the advantages, limitations and site-specific problems in usages of such formwork in tall building. For that, five ongoing projects are selected and data is collected to identify how each type will affect the project cost, project duration and project quality from selection of formwork. This will helpful for the contractor to choose appropriate formworks for construction project.

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DEVELOPING A HUMAN RESOURCE ANALYZER TOOL FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS[ ]


Construction projects are mostly rely on different resources like men, material, machine & money. From these resources, labour resource plays a vital role when compared to other resources. So we need to utilize the labour resource in a proper way. Currently in our construction industry, the labour productivity is a major issue due to the various factors such as different cultured labours, health factor, poor quality of labour, lack of skill, etc... Productivity of present labour force is less compared to the productivity of labour in past decades. In this project, various factors affecting productivity will be identified through analysis and productivity of labour are compared with PWD and IS standard. The differentiation among productivity will be identified and a software tool for calculating resources will be developed based on the current performance of labour in construction works.

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Evaluation of Six Sigma Concepts in Construction Industry[ ]


Six sigma is new to construction sector and this philosophy is to reduce the defects in the construction. The aim of this study is to evaluate Six Sigma as a process improvement method within construction sector. In order to improve the process in construction it is important to understand the factors affecting the construction process and analyze the factors for the construction improvement. In this paper we have tried to improve the Painting work, Tile work and Brick work of a building by using DMAIC methodology. From the point of view of achieving Six Sigma concept on site the recommended corrective action plans on the defect were done. Thus the questionnaire fulfils the criteria for control plans of the construction activities in the final stage. The answered questionnaires were collected from the Site Engineers, Contractors, Consultants and Project managers. Then by using SPSS software, the collected data’s were analyzed. The overall results of the study indicate that the implementation of Six Sigma in construction context will be achieved its aim by reducing the defects. In future, work on this concept is to be taken for the implementation to the real construction process.

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Seismic Performance Study and Analysis of Confinement of Brick Masonry with Openings[ ]


In this research the Inertia force due to the earthquake is resisted and the brick masonry is confined by confining the masonry with some of the steel sections like, Circular steel Rods and with thin steel plates. Where as in the previous research they were trying to confine the masonry to resist the, Inertia force during the earthquakes by using the materials like, Steel Plates, FRP Strips, Steel Strips, Glass Fibers etc.,

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WEIGHT OPTIMIZATION OF PRE-ENGINEERED STEEL BUILDING BY GENETIC ALGORITHM[ ]


Typically, a pre-engineered building is a metal building that consists of light gauge metal standing seam roof panels on steel purlins spanning between rigid frames with light gauge metal wall cladding. It is a relatively flexible structure v/s a conventional steel framed building. In other words, it has a much greater vertical and horizontal deflection. During the last few years, several methods have been developed for the optimal design of steel structures. Most of the methods are calculus based nature and leads to unrealistic solutions and therefore, they are not used in practice, which still prefers to rely on the more traditional iterative methods. This paper describes the use of genetic algorithm (GA) in performing optimization of 2D truss structures to achieve minimum weight. The GA uses fixed length vector of the design variables which are the cross-sectional areas of the members. The objective considered here is minimizing the weight of the structure.

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OPTIMIZATION OF RC COLUMNS USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK[ ]


In the structural design of column, the dimensions of the column and the reinforcement are initially assumed and the interaction formula is used to verify the suitability of chosen dimension and reinforcement. The approach necessitates few trails for coming up with an economical and safe design Using conventional method to design uni axial and biaxial column is long process but using ANN we can do the design easily. In neural network is trained with trained data results of the testing data results of the testing data may be obtained. Result indicates the Neural-network capable of predicting the exact solution with proper training but this ability depends on the complexity of the column optimization itself.

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REVIEW ON SHEAR SLIP OF SHEAR KEYS IN BRIDGES[ ]


The structural behaviour of precast concrete segmental bridges largely depends on the behaviour of the joints between segments. The current practice of precast concrete segmental bridges is to use small keys that are usually unreinforced, normally dry, and distributed over the height of the web and the flange of concrete segments. However, requires the presence of segmental joints to transfer the loads between neighbouring segments, which stresses the importance of securing structural safety and serviceability. Therefore, need is for research on the behaviour of the segmental joint for the structures erected by the precast segmental construction method. The work in this paper deals with the shear slip of the shear keys used in prestressed concrete segmental bridges due to the external load for which it is analysed using Finite element analysis and experimental works and the conclusion is given based on various results considerations.

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A STUDY ON HYBRID FIBRE REINFORCED FLYASH BASED CONCRETE[ ]


This study report deals with the reinforcing efficiency of hybrid fibres in the low volume fly ash concrete up to 30% replacement of cement. Micro mechanical action of hybrid fibres in fly ash based concrete will be improved with respect to different percentage of steel and polypropylene fibre addition. Hybrid fibres in concrete improves the matrix densification, refinement of microstructure, reduction of voids, minimize cracking due to stresses, and enhance the strength gain properties of reinforcement of corrosion resistance, alkali-silica expansion and sulphate attack. Henceforth, It is proposed to use M30 grade concrete with different percentages of fly ash such as 10%,20% & 30% by weight of binder content along with different percentages of Steel and polypropylene fibers for a volume fraction (VF) of 1%. The experimental test results will be found in mechanical properties of concrete such as compressive, split and flexural strength at different ages of curing of concrete compared with the conventional concrete.

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A REVIEW PAPER ON UTILISATION OF CERAMIC WASTE IN CONCRETE[ ]


This study aims in achieving an acceptable ordinary strength concrete with ceramic waste as substitute of conventional coarse aggregates. The ceramic waste to be adopted is broken tiles from local shops. Ceramic waste concrete (CWC) will be made with these tiles at 0%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. M20 grade concrete will be adopted; a constant water cement ratio of 0.48 will be maintained for all the concrete mixes. The characteristics properties of concrete such as workability for fresh concrete, also Compressive Strength, Split Tensile Strength and Modulus of Elasticity for hardened concrete will be found out in this study at 3, 7 and 28 days for each percentage of replacement. 3 numbers of specimens for each percentage replacement will be casted and tested with the corresponding tests and finally compared with regular M20 grade concrete.

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A STUDY ON SMARTDYNAMICCONCRETE (A NEW DIMENSIONAL SCC)[ ]


Today launching the concept of Smart Dynamic Concrete (SDC), a new generation of highly flow able concrete which allows the construction industry to achieve faster and reliable concrete placement, higher concrete durability and improved energy efficiency during the placement process. In today’s context, almost 65% of the traditional vibratable concrete classes are between 20 – 32MPa. To convert these strength classes to classical SCC is a big challenge, especially the balance required between stability and fluidity of the concrete mass owing to sensitivity of the mix owing to ever changing scenario in concrete constituents. By default, classical SCC requires high fines content and any SCC specified by the consultant and subsequently produced by the concrete producer is an “overdesign”. Add to it the “dry batch” plants pose a challenge for consistency in production. Today, low fines self-consolidating concrete, i.e. < 340 – 380 kg / m3 of cementations content has become a reality for the lower grades of concrete. Low fines yet self-consolidating concrete uses a new state of the art synthetic viscosity modifying agent (VMA Rheomatrix 110) incorporated in special Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) based hyper plasticizer. This low fines, self-consolidating, sustainable solution will help boost productivity and efficiency to help engineers, owners, and concrete producers, realize their respective dreams.

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