ICCBCTFP 2016-International Conference on Chemistry of Biomolecules - Current Trends and Future Perspectives

"ICCBCTFP 2016 Conference Papers "

Adsorption of Nickel (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution by using Terminaliachebula seed carbon[ ]


Rapid industrialization has resulted in accelerating the flux of heavy metals which are posing a serious threat to the environment. The present investigation was carried out to sudy the removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution using sulphuric acid treated Terminaliachebula seed. The effect of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH on the adsorption of Ni(II) ions using Terminaliachebula seed carbon (TCSC) was determined. A steady trend was observed for all variables. The optimum contact time for the maximum adsorption of the Ni(II) using TCSC was found to be 4 h. The removal of Ni (II) from aqueous solution using TCSC was found to be maximum at the adsorbent dosage of 200 mg, The optimum pH value for adsorption of Ni(II) was determined to be 5 and this pH was used in subsequent studies. The adsorption data fitted well into Freundlich adsorption isotherm. From the Freundlich Adsorption isotherm The adsorbent capacity K and the adsorption intensity 1/n values are found to be 1 and 0.5 respectively shows that the natural adsorbent Terminaliachebula seed carbon (TCSC) is efficient in removing Ni (II) from an aqueous solution.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Photocatalytic degradation of Textile dye Acidblack-1 using silver impregnated nanosized titania[ ]


Dyes were one of the most notorious contaminants in aquatic environments because of their huge volume of production from industries, slow biodegradation character, low decolouration character and toxicity. In order to remove poisonous dyes from wastewater, various methods such as adsorption, coagulation, precipitation, filteration, photocatalytic oxidation method, etc. had been used. Among them, Heterogeneous photocatalysis using semiconductor oxides is proved to be a useful treatment technique for the degradation of water pollutants over the last three decades. TiO2 is the best semiconductor oxide, because it has the most efficient activity, the highest stability and the lowest cost. In the present study, we have successfully synthesized nanosized TiO2 for the degradation of textile dye, Acid black-1.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Comparative Study of Inhibition Efficiency of Eco friendly Inhibitors Aloe Barbedensis Miller and Aegle Marmelos on the Corrosion of Mild Steel in 1M H2SO4[ ]


Corrosion inhibition of mild steel using extract from plant sources have been widely studied in different media. The aggressive nature of the acid solutions necessitates the use of inhibitors to reduce the corrosive damage on metals and alloys. Low-cost, environmental friendly and practical benefits of plant extracts make them the preferred choice for corrosion protection. A comparative study of the inhibitory effect of plant extracts Aloe Barbedensis Miller and Aegle marmelos, on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M H2SO4 medium is investigated by weight loss method, Gasometric measurement and Electrochemical methods (Potentiodynamic polarization,Ac impedance). On comparison, maximum inhibition efficiency is found to be 88% at 800 ppm in Aloe Barbedensis Miller. Gasometric studies reveals that the evolution of Hydrogen decreases as increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. Polarization method indicates these plant extracts behaves as a Cathodic-type inhibitor. The impedance method reveals that charge-transfer process mainly controls the corrosion of mild steel. The SEM morphology of the adsorbed protective film on the mild steel surface has confirmed the high performance of inhibitive effect of the plant extracts.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antineoplastic activity of cadmium proline complexes in A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell line[ ]


The development of metal complexes with biological activities has had an enormous impact on therapeutics. Amino acid complexes with metals are similar in structure to the natural ones present in the body and release trace elements exactly to cell or tissue that needs them. In this way, we have synthesized cadmium proline complexes using both the isomers of proline (D and L). This present study was aimed to evaluate the antineoplastic activity of Cd[D-proline]2 and Cd[L-proline]2 against human A549 cells. The synthesized compounds were characterized by UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and NMR spectroscopy techniques. Cytotoxicity studies were assessed by MTT assay. The initial apoptosis induction was performed by AO/EB and Hoechst staining. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in fluorescence microscope, which was associated with the increased expression of cell cycle regulating factors likes insulin like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), p53 and p21. In addition it down-regulated the expression of MMP2 and MMP9. Subsequent apoptosis induction was accompanied with the activation of mitochondrial pathway, in particular a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) as well as increased Bax and decreased Bcl2 ratio then followed by caspase activation. In conclusion, our study was the first to report that Cd[L-proline]2 complex has inhibitory effect on the growth of A549 cells. These finding might to be drive potential therapeutic approach of lung cancer in the future.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adsorption and surface morphological studies of Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel using bioactive compounds in chloride medium[ ]


Corrosion has been chronic problem to industries and has increased cost of production. Seaweeds are a rich source of unique bioactive compounds which are used as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel corrosion now a day. The inhibition of mild steel corrosion in chloride environment was investigated using adsorption and surface morphological methods. The obtained result revealed that sea weed performed well as corrosion inhibitor in chloride environment.The inhibition efficiency increases with increase in additive concentration. The results obtained shows that various concentrations of bioactive compounds inhibited the corrosion in chloride solution through the adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the mild steel surface by blocking its active sites. The use of sea weeds (bioactive compounds) as an inhibitor for corrosion of mild steel in chloride environment is advocated in this study.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EFFECT OF ADDITION OF THE BIO MOLECULE NICOTINIC ACID IN THE CORROSION OF ALUMINIUM IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION[ ]


Corrosion control of metals is of technical, economical, environmental, and aesthetical importance. The use of corrosion inhibitors constitutes one of the most economical ways to mitigate the corrosion rate, protect metal surfaces against corrosion and preserve industrial equipments. The environmental toxicity of organic corrosion inhibitors has prompted the search for green corrosion inhibitors as they are biodegradable, do not contain heavy metals or other toxic compounds. Nicotinic acid-Pyridine-3-carboxylic acid is a water-soluble vitamin belonging to the vitamin B family that is widely distributed in foods such as milk, wheat germ, and meat, and can be synthesized in the body from tryptophan. The present study is concerned with the inhibition effect of easily biodegradable and environment friendly nicotinic acid on the corrosion of Aluminium in HCl. The corrosion of Aluminium in the presence of nicotinic acid in 0.3M HCl is studied using the weight loss method at 303, 308, 313 and 318K.The results obtained reveals that corrosion of Aluminium by HCl is inhibited in the presence of Nicotinic acid. The inhibition efficiency increases with increasing inhibitor concentration and at the same time inhibition efficiency decreases with increasing temperature. Inhibition occurs through adsorption of nicotinic acid on the metal surface. Langmuir adsorption isotherm is obeyed. The corrosion inhibition is also confirmed by Tafel polarization study, Impedance spectroscopy and SEM analysis.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Studies on Phytochemical, Nutritional Analysis and Screening of in Vitro Biological activities of Meliadubia Leaf Extract[ ]


Meliadubia also called as Maha neem or forest neem is a high value medicinal plant of India, Srilanka, Malaysia, Australia and Angola. The present study was conducted to determine the phytochemical properties, proximate, physicochemical, elemental and antimicrobial activity of the crude extracts of Melia dubia. The extracts were prepared by using Hexane, Chloroform, Ethylacetae, and Ethanol and Aqueous solvents. Qualitative and quantitative screening of the bioactive principles and proximate analysis were carried out using the standard methods. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, phlobatannin, saponins, polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, glycosides and proteins. The proximate and Physicochemical analysis values of leaf on dry matter basis contains moisture (73.72%), ash (99%), crude protein (7.25mg), crude lipid (5.27%), vitamin-B (40.80%), Acid insoluble ash (22.68%), Water soluble ash (36.65%), Alcohol soluble extractive (31.80%), Water insoluble extractive (19.65%) and vitamin-C (0.28%). Quantitative analysis of the total Alkaloids (132 ± 9.24mg/g), Phenols (106.66 ± 7.46), Tannins (46.60 ± 3.26), Saponin(144 ± 10.08mg/g), Terpenoids (92 ± 6.44mg/g), and flavonoids was 40 ± 2.80 mg/g. The results of mineral composition clearly indicate that Meliadubia leaves contain rich source of mineral such as calcium, magnesium, potassium, iron, manganese and zinc .The leaf extract of Meliadubia solvated by ethanol and methanol extracts were subjected to test their biological activities by few in vitro tests like anti-bacterial activity and anti- fungal activity. They showed the spectrum of inhibition on E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus for alkaloids and E.coli and K.pneaumonia for flavonoids . Similarly the extracts were found to be more effective against the fungal strains such as A. flavus for flavonoids and A. Niger for alkaloids. The study revealed the leaves of Melia dubia to be a potential source of nutrition, minerals and useful drugs for human body.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Macro and Micronutrient Status in Rice Growing Coastal Land Area of Tharangambadi Taluk of Nagapattinam District in Tamil Nadu, India[ ]


Soil nutrients are essential for growth of plants which improve both the soil fertility and yield of the crops. Surface soil samples depth (0 – 20 cm) numbering 110 from 22 revenue villages in which five samples were collected from each revenue village. The basic physico –chemical parameters pH, EC and OC and macronutrients N, P, K were analyzed by standard methods. The available DTPA (Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic acid) extractable micronutrients Zn, Fe, Cu and Mn were investigated by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (ECIL, AAS-4129).The study area covers 22 revenue villages in coastal rice growing agriculture land area of Tharangambadi taluk in Nagapattinam District in Tamilnadu. The planned work is very essential not only for crop production but also to maintain soil fertility, It also helps to maintain hazardous free environment and enhance the living standard in which turn to uplifts our Formers. Formers are advised to rotate the crops which are affected by saline water in the coastal area. From the results of the analysis of soil samples, precise suggestions can be made to develop the soil quality and crop yield.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological activities of 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazolines[ ]


α, β -unsaturated ketone derivatives generally known with the common name Chalcones have been prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation reaction using acetanilide and various substituted benzaldehydes. They are further condensed with nicotinic acid hydrazide to form corresponding pyrazolines. All these compounds are characterized by CHN analysis and spectral techniques such

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Optimisation of Zinc Electrodeposition in the Presence of Aqueous Lawsonia Inermis Linn Leaf Extract[ ]


In the zinc electrodeposition acid zinc based baths have become popular. These baths use the toxic chemical cyanide. The costly effluent treatment method to remove cyanide and the stringent environmental regulations necessitates the need to develop environmental friendly, non-toxic additive for the acid-sulphate bath. In the present work the effect of addition of green and non-toxic additive aqueous Lawsonia inermis Linn leaf extract on zinc electrodeposition has been investigated. It is carried out to optimize the zinc electrodeposition in the presence of aqueous Lawsonia inermis Linn leaf extract by varying the bath constituents, pH, temperature, and current density through Hull cell experiments. The current efficiency and throwing power are measured at different current densities. The optimized plating bath composition is Zinc sulphate -70g/l, Aluminium Sulphate - 18g/l, Sodium acetate -14g/l, Aqueous Lawsonia inermis Linn leaf extract- 10ml/l. Matte white deposits are obtained at the current density of 0.8-4A/dm2. The Current efficiency and the throwing Power of Zinc Electrodeposited carbon steel from optimized bath is found to increase than in the case of zinc deposits on carbon steel from basic bath.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electrodeposition of Nanocrystalline Zinc from Acid Sulphate Bath in the Presence of Aqueous Lawsonia Inermis Linn. Leaf Extract and Its Corrosion Study[ ]


Nanocrystalline zinc is electrodeposited on steel substrates from acid sulphate bath in the presence of aqueous Lawsonia inermis Linn leaf extract. The optimized bath composition in the presence of aqueous L.inermis leaf extract is used for this zinc electrodeposition. Potentiodynamic polarization study is carried out to find the effect of addition agent on zinc electrodeposition. The surface of the plated steel is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for the surface elemental composition analysis. The crystal structure is studied by X-ray diffraction study. The inclusion of addition agent in the deposit is confirmed by FT-IR. Salt spray test and electrochemical measurements are carried out to find out corrosion resistance property of the deposits. Salt spray test and electrochemical measurements reveal the nanocrystalline zinc coatings have better corrosion resistance. SEM photomicrographs reveals fine-grained structure of the deposit from the optimized bath. IR and EDAX studies confirm the inclusion of addition agent. X-ray pattern of the deposit in the presence of aqueous extract shows a broadening of the diffraction peaks. This broadening can be attributed to the decrease in grain size.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Study on the Effect of Lawsone (2-Hydroxy 1, 4-Napthoquinone) Isolated from Lawsonia Inermis Linn. Leaf on Nickel Electrodeposition from Waats Bath[ ]


Nickel electrodeposition is carried out in the presence of Lawsone (2-hydroxy1,4-napthoquinone) isolated from Lawsonia inermis Linn leaf. The bath constituents are optimized through Hull cell experiments. Operating parameters such as pH, temperature and current density are also optimized. The current efficiency and throwing power are measured at different current densities. The surface of the plated steel is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM); and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) for the surface elemental composition analysis. The crystal structure is studied by X-ray diffraction study. The inclusion of addition agent in the deposit is confirmed by FT-IR . SEM photomicrographs reveals fine-grained structure of the deposit from the optimum bath. IR spectrum of the scratched deposit shows inclusion of addition agent. XRD and EDAX studies reveals the inclusion of lawsone.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata stem extracts[ ]


The present study describes the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of Andrographis paniculata. For the present investigation, samples of Andrographis paniculata extracts, obtained by extraction in chloroform were used for their antimicrobial activity. The antibacterial activities were assessed by measuring the diameter of the inhibition zones, MIC and MBC values. Antimicrobial activity of stem extract of Andrographis paniculata was studied using solvent chloroform against bacterial strains like gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes, gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and five strains of fungi which are Candida albicans , Candida tropicalis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus. The antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion method. The chloroform extract were found to be highly active against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploration of transition metal complexes (Co, Cu and Zn) and their antimicrobial activity with a new Mannich base of N-[(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-phenylamino-methyl]-benzamide (SAB)[ ]


Mannich condensation yields Mannich bases which could display more potent pharmacological properties like antipsychotic, anticonvulsant, anthelmintic, antibacterial, antimalarial activities. The ligand was synthesized by Mannich condensation reaction between salicylaldehyde, aniline and benzamide. The present work deals with the structure of some metal complexes of Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with a new Mannish base N-[(2-hydroxy-phenyl)-phenylamino-methyl]-benzamide (SAB). The ligand and the complexes have been characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, FT-IR, UV-Vis., 1H &13C NMR and TGA/DTA. Antimicrobial activities of the ligand and its complexes were tested against gram positive S.aureus and gram negative E.Coli bacteria and antifungal activity against A.niger.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An Investigation and Computational study of an amino acid as Corrosion Inhibitor for Stainless steel in acidic medium[ ]


The corrosion inhibition of L-Glutamic acid for stainless steel in HCl solution has been calculated by weight loss study. It is found that the inhibition efficiency of L-Glutamic acid (LG) increases with increase in the concentration. The inhibition efficiency of LG decreases with increase in the temperature. Three adsorption isotherms are tested; out of which the El-Awady et al adsorption isotherm model fits well. The free energy of adsorption (ΔG0ads) suggests that adsorption is a spontaneous physisorption process. SEM and EDX confirm the formation of protective film on the stainless steel surface. The quantum chemical parameters show a good correlation between the experimentally calculated inhibition efficiency and theoretical inhibition efficiency.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
BIOSYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES FROM VICIA FABA AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES[ ]


Nanoscale Silver particles have biological applications because of its unique properties, antimicrobial activity. The aim of the work is to test effects of Silver nanoparticles from Vicia faba using suggested bacterial colonies. Biosafety and biocompatibility tests for Nanoparticles and conjugate with Vicia faba are preformed. UV-visible spectroscopy is an important technique for analyzing the formation of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solution. AgNPs has free electron, which gives rise to plasma resonance absorption band, due to combined vibration of metal nanoparticles in resonance with the light wave. The presence of the elemental silver can be seen in the graph presented by EDX, which indicates the reduction of silver ions to elemental silver. Screening of ethanolic extracts of Vicia faba shows moderate antibacterial activities against different bacteria. The silver nanoparticles of average size have been synthesized using dried leaves of plant Vicia faba. Characterization from UV-Vis, FT- IR, SEM, EDX support the stability of biosynthesized nanoparticles. The silver nanoparticles using Vicia faba exhibit excellent antibacterial activity.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthesis and spectral analysis of Mn(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes of a new Schiff base derived from p-vanillin and 4-nitroaniline[ ]


Schiff bases have gained importance in research due to their biological activity and have reported uses in biology, medicine and industry. They are called ‘privileged ligands’, as they are easily synthesized, cost effective and exhibit unique stereochemistry and reactivity. In the present study, a new Schiff base (HL) is reported, which is the condensation product of p-vanillin, a phenolic aldehyde with anti-microbial properties and 4-nitroaniline, the final intermediate in the industrial synthesis of paracetamol. The ligand and its complexes with Mn(II), Co(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) metal ions, prepared by magnetic stirring method, have been characterized using UV and IR spectroscopic techniques. The formation of the Schiff base ligand is confirmed by its IR spectrum showing the characteristic vibration of the azomethine group (C=N) at 1658 cm-1. The results indicate that the ligand is bidentate, coordinating with the metal through its azomethine nitrogen and phenolic oxygen in all the cases. All the complexes except the zinc complex, show a wide band in the range of 3200-3400 cm-1, indicating the presence of water molecules.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GC-MS Analysis and Green Synthesis of Copper Nano particles Using Vitex negundo.L Leaf Extract[ ]


Recently, development of reliable experimental protocols for synthesis of metal nanoparticles with desired morphologies and sizes has become a major focus of researchers. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plant extracts emerged as a nontoxic and eco-friendly method for synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this study biosynthesis of stable copper nanoparticles were done using aqueous leaf extract of Vitex negundo leaf from 3mm copper sulphate solution. Synthesized nanoparticles were characterized under UV-Vis spectroscopy at the range of 400 nm to 800 nm at varying intervals of time. The peak at 254nm revealed the presence of CuNPs. It was observed that the Vitex negundo leaf extract can reduce copper ions into copper nanoparticles within 10 to 15 min of reaction time. These biosynthesized Cu nanoparticles were characterized with the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM techniques. GC-MS analysis revealed that the leaf extract of Vitex negundo.L,contains steroids, saponins, tannins, phenols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, glycosides, and glycerides. These bioactive principles are found to be responsible for bioreduction during the synthesis of spherical copper nanoparticles. The preparation of nano-structured copper particles using Vitex negundo.L leaf extract thus provides an environmentally friendly option, as compared to currently available chemical and physical methods.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Momordica charantia[ ]


Momordica charantia leaves have antioxidant properties due to the presence of phytochemicals. The antioxidant properties of the phyto chemicals present in the extract could be exploited for the green synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Synthesized gold nanoparticles are characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, EDAX and TEM analysis. A clear color change from pale-yellow to ruby-red is observed within a minute, indicating M. charantia extract mediated transformation of chloroauric acid into colloidal GNPs (Au3+  Au0).The formation of gold nanoparticles is confirmed by the observation of the surface plasmon resonance band at 538 nm. The average size of GNPs is found to consist of well-dispersed nearly spherical particles having size around 14.34 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDAX) spectrometers confirms the presence of elemental gold signal of GNPs. The nanoparticles are found to be highly crystalline as evidenced by the peaks in the XRD pattern corresponding to Bragg reflections from the (1 1 1), (2 0 0), (2 2 0) and (3 1 1) planes of the fcc structure. Momordica charantia leaves are used as reducing as well as stabilizing agent for the preparation of gold nanoparticles

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity of Titanium nanoparticles from Alpinia calcarata rhizomes[ ]


In the past decade, considerable attention has been paid for the development of novel strategies for the synthesis of different kind of nano-objects. The world of nanochemistry is a vast world from individual molecules to continual systems that constitute a phase. The present study aimed to Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of its antibacterial activity of titanium nanoparticles from Alpinia calcarata rhizomes extract. Titanium nanoparticles exhibit brown colour in aqueous solution due to excitation of surface plasmon vibrations in Titanium nanoparticles. The appearances of creamy colour in the reaction vessels suggest the formation of Titanium nanoparticles. UV-Visible and FTIR spectroscopy are further confirmed the structural characterization and functional group identification of titanium nanoparticles. The SEM analysis showed the particle size 60-130 nm as well the spherical structure of the nanoparticles. Titanium nanoparticles is useful for the development of newer and more potent antibacterial agents. The synthesized nanoparticle further confirmed its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity. All the above data represented in the study contribute to a novel and unexplored area of nanomaterials as medicine.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthetic utility of pharmacologically active compound, N-chloroisonicotinamide in the kinetic study of oxidation of p-methoxybenzaldehyde di-n-butyl acetal[ ]


N-chloroisonicotinamide (NCIN), has been found to possess pharmacological activity. It has significant effect on locomotor activity, when compared with the standard drug Chlorpromazine. The results of gross behavioral assessment indicates that the active compound produce a depressant effect on the central nervous system. The compound, NCIN has significant anti-convulsant action against MES induced convulsion, when compared with the standard drug phenytoin. The kinetic study of oxidation of an aromatic diether, p-methoxybenzaldehyde di-n-butyl acetal by the pharmacologically active N-halo compound, N-chloroisonicotinamide, has been carried out. The reaction follows first order dependence of rate on [substrate] and [oxidant]. The rate increases with the decrease in dielectric constant of the medium. Variation of ionic strength and the addition of isonicotinamide has significant effect on the reaction rate. The stoichiometry and product analysis have been carried out. From the effect of temperature on the reaction rate, the Arrhenius and thermodynamic activation parameters have been calculated.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
High intake of fructose, a simple monosaccharide, provokes glucocorticoid dysregulation in mice[ ]


The consumption of modern cafeteria diet rich in refined sugars is one factor responsible for the present epidemic of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. The present study examines the short and long term effects of feeding high quantities of fructose, a simple sugar on glucocorticoid (GC) action in mice. Male Swiss albino mice were provided a diet containing 60% fructose as the single source of carbohydrate for 30 or 60 days. We analyzed the plasma insulin and glucose levels, plasma and hepatic corticosterone (CORT) levels, the mRNA level of G6P translocase (G6PT) and hexose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PDH), the protein and mRNA level of microsomal 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1) and the compartmentalization of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in the cytoplasm and nucleus of liver tissue. Mice subjected to long-term fructose feeding (60 days) showed elevated hepatic GC level, 11βHSD1 enzyme activity and GR nuclear translocation paralleled with increased plasma insulin and glucose levels. Short-term fructose feeding (30 days) in mice did not cause any significant difference between the tissue CORT levels and the 11βHSD1 and GR protein levels when compared to control animals. These findings suggest that long-term high fructose feeding increases intra-hepatic GC action which may have a mediatory role in diet-induced insulin resistance and associated metabolic changes.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Surface analysis of mild steel protected from corrosion by a binary inhibitor formulation containing Zn2+ and citrate[ ]


Corrosion is a severe problem in drinking water supplies. Corrosion control refers to the action of controlling the corrosion of materials used in potable water. The present work aimed to develop a suitable corrosion inhibitor for minimizing the corrosion of potable water. Studies on surface analysis of mild steel protected from corrosion in potable water and eco-friendly inhibitor containing zinc ions and citrate ions are presented. FT-IR spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements technique have been used to characterize the protective film on mild steel surface. All these studies showed that the protective film offers excellent protection against corrosion of mild steel.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Influence of hesperetin on glycoprotein components in diabetic rats[ ]


Diabetes is a life-long disease and is considered as the second foremost reason to cause blindness and renal failure worldwide. It is a chronic disease caused by inherited or acquired deficiency in the production of insulin by the pancreas, or by ineffectiveness of the secreted insulin. This study is carried out to evaluate the effect of hesperetin on dearrangement in glycoprotein levels in the streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Wistar rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (45mg/kg bw). The levels of glycoproteins were altered in experimental diabetes mellitus. Hesperetin were administered to diabetic rats intragastrically at 20, 40mg/kg bw for 45 days. The effects of hesperetin on plasma glucose, insulin and glycosylated haemoglobin were determined. The plasma and tissue (liver and kidney) glycoproteins such as hexose, hexosamine, fucose and sialic acid were also studied. Oral administration of hesperetin (40mg/kg bw) for 45 days dose dependently improved the glycemic status in STZ-induced diabetic rats. The levels of plasma glucose were decreased with significant increase of plasma insulin level. The altered levels of plasma and tissue glycoprotein components were restored to near normal. The present findings suggest that hesperetin can potentially ameliorate glycoprotein components abnormalities in addition to its antidiabetic effect in experimental diabetes.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A REVIEW ON CARDIOPROTECTIVE AND ITS BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS[ ]


Cardiovascular diseases are the most widespreadand topmost lives and death claim global disease. Studies show that this chronic illness not only influence on people above 60’s and it also has an adverse affect of people from the age of 20 and above. A person on drug treatment have to try different modern drugs which is effective and has few side effects and toxicity. Modern drugs utilizes plant extracts which have effective bioactivecompounds,are identified from an ancient traditional medicinal plants presents an leading opportunity for the synthesis of new drug development. Secondary metabolites like carotenoids,triterpenes, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, polyphenols, terpenoids, fatty acids etc were responsible for cardioprotective activity at a particular dose which was evaluated using appropriate pharmacological screening approach. Many plants such as Alliumsativum ,Allium cepa, Asparagus racemosus, Caesalpiniabonducella, Cassia fistula, Curcuma longa, Emblicaofficinalis, Garciniaindica, Hemidesmusindicus, Ocimum sanctum, Phyllanthusamarus, Terminaliaarjuna, Trigonellafoenum-graecum, Vitisvinifera are some of the plants that exhibit cardio protective activity1. This present review paper scopes for further research activities in screening medicinal plants for cardioprotective phytoconstituents and assessing their potential in protecting against cardiovascular diseases.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Investigation of Corrosion Inhibitive Property of Morus Nigra L. + Mn2+ System in Neutral Medium[ ]


This research work is concerned with the development of new ecofriendly inhibitor system which functions efficiently for the corrosion control of carbon steel in aqueous environment containing 180 ppm of Cl- ions. The inhibition efficiency of corrosion of carbon steel in neutral, aqueous environment containing 180 ppm of Cl- ions in DD water by leaf extract of plant Morus nigra L. which contains active constituents that exhibit synergistic property with Mn2+ ions has been investigated. 300 ppm of the leaf extract worked in conjunction with 75 ppm of Mn2+ ions in controlling the corrosion of carbon steel immersed in chloride ion solution. A film is formed on the surface of the carbon steel immersed in the inhibitor system containing the extracts of the plant Morus nigra L. and Mn2+ ions. FTIR spectra shows that a strong interaction has taken place between the molecules present in the plant extract and the metal. In order to investigate the nature of the protective film UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR spectroscopy and electrochemical studies have been used in the present study. Polarisation techniques have been used to determine the nature of inhibitor. Based on the results obtained from the mass-loss method, polarisaion studies and surface analysis studies a suitable mechanism for the corrosion inhibition has been proposed.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Studies on the removal of Ni (II) ions from aqueous solution using natural adsorbent Prosopus Juliflora bark carbon[ ]


Heavy metal ion pollutants released from industrial effluents to water bodies are highly toxic, non degradable and accumulate in living organism through food chain and cause harmful effects on human beings. Activated carbon (PJBC) was prepared from Prosopus Juliflora bark powder using sulphuric acid . The ability of the activated carbon (PJBC) to remove Ni(II) ion from aqueous solution by PJBC has been investigated under several conditions such as pH, contact time and adsorbent concentration. The optimum contact time was found to be 4h. The removal of Ni(II) was found to be maximum at the carbon dosage of 100 mg at a pH of 5. Freundlich adsorption isotherm was studied and the studies revealed that the adsorbent capacity K and the adsorption intensity 1/n values of the natural adsorbent Prosopus Juliflora bark carbon PJBC can be used in the removal of Ni(II) efficiently.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES ON SCHIFF BASES OF PYRAZOLONES-A CASE OF LEAD COMPOUNDS IN PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICINAL INDUSTRIES[ ]


Heterocycles form by far the largest of classical divisions of organic chemistry and are of immense importance biologically and industrially. The majority of pharmaceuticals and biologically active agrochemicals are heterocyclic while countless additives and modifiers used in industrial applications ranging from cosmetics, reprography, information storage and plastics are heterocyclic in nature. One striking structural features inherent to heterocycles, which continue to be exploited to great advantage by the drug industry, lies in their ability to manifest substituents around a core scaffold in defined three dimensional representations.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of azo dye by Bi2O3 nanoparticles synthesized using greener route[ ]


The present investigation describes the photocatalytic treatment of methyl orange dye using Bi2O3 nanoparticles synthesized by greener way. A novel monoclinic α- Bi2O3 was synthesized by adopting the sustainable green synthetic strategy from the source of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) fruit peel extract as a natural ligation agent. The bio synthesized product was characterized using X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), ultra violet-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-DRS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and ultra violet-visible absorption spectrophotometer (UV-Abs). The photocatalytic activity of bio synthesized α- Bi2O3 was investigated using methyl orange dye under artificial visible light illumination. The results revealed that the bio synthesized product proved significantly a better activity against azo dye. The plausible mechanism for the formation of Bi2O3 nanoparticles with rambutan peel extract was also proposed.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------