ICAST-2014-International Conference on advances in Science and Technology

"ICAST-2014 Conference Papers of Civil Engineering"

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COFFERDAMS- FORCES ANALYSIS AND DESIGN CRITERIA[ ]


This paper presents the forces on cofferdam and stability criteria of various types of cofferdams. Various researchers has studied the stability of cofferdam by using finite elements software and the results are quite comprehensive. These papers give the conventional method of stability of cofferdams, According to Indian code.

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Geoinformatic studies of Morna watershed[ ]


Sustainable developments and management of the watershed is influenced by topography of the area and the geomorphologic features. Geomorphometry supplies the quantitative values to geomorphology and hydrology. The RS &GIS has been adopted for geomorphometric analysis of the study area. The software ILWIS (developed by ITC, Netherlands) has been used for inputting managing, analyzing, interpreting and presenting the data. The generated geoinfromatics can be readily used for decision-making. The attempt has been made to study some geomorphometric parameters of Morna River, which is right tributary of Koyana in Patan tahsil of Western Maharashtra. The manual estimation of geomorphic parameters is tedious and cumbersome process. However through this attempt, it has been found that integration of RS & GIS allows reliable, accurate and most updated data base tool for handling spatial data, very useful in deriving geomorphometric parameters which are essential for planning future infrastructural, sustainable water resources planning of the study area.

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Effect of blast loading on Reinforced Concrete structures[ ]


The increase in numbers of terrorist attacks has shown that the effect of blast loads on building is serious matter and its effect on structure should be taken into consideration in design of that structure. The objective of this study is to analyze the blasting effect on Reinforced Concrete structure and to shed light on blast resistant building design theories. This paper introduces different kinds of blast loading, their effects on reinforced concrete structures and the essential techniques for increasing the capacity of a building to provide protection against explosive effects.

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Study of Fatigue and Life Assessment of Steel Structures: IS 800:2007 Provision[ ]


Fatigue failures of steel structures have caused catastrophic failures, no such fatigue failure has been reported for concrete structures, although there have been speculations in some cases whether the failure might be due to fatigue. In the design and detailing of steel structures, details that might be prone to cracking should be minimized, or avoided if possible. The structures should be inspected for cracks, both during fabrication to limit the size of initial flaws and also during service to ascertain any crack growth. However, it is inevitable that cracks or crack-like discontinuities will be present in fabricated steel elements. Thus, the engineer is responsible to consider the consequences of potential fatigue and subsequent brittle fracture. Fatigue is the phenomenon of decrease of resistance of the material to repeated loading and failure take place at the value of the stresses well below the ultimate tensile strength of the material Fatigue was incorporated into design criteria towards the end of the nineteenth century and has been extensively studied since then specially for mechanical parts. The fatigue behaviour of a fabricated steel structure is controlled by the presence of pre-existing cracks or crack-like discontinuities, which most often occur at welded connections or other areas of stress concentrations.

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Study of Fold and Folded Plates in Structural Engineering[ ]


Folded plates are assemblies of flat plates rigidly connected together so as to make structural system capable of carrying loads. They provide an economical and aesthetically pleasing design. This Paper aims at studying the material used for folded plate structure, analysis of folded plate structure by finite element strip or computer programs.

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Effect of Wind on Cable Stayed Bridges[ ]


Cable-stayed bridges under wind loading exhibit dynamic behaviours that depend on the aeroelastic forces and coupling among vibration modes. This paper presents a parametric investigation on various types of wind effects on cable stayed bridges. An up-todate literature review of various types of wind effects followed by control of vibrations in cable stayed bridges.

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Study of factors affecting stability of Precast Segmental Box Girder[ ]


Box girders are being made into use at many places. Various studies has been Performed so as to develop a more stable structure design. This paper aims at studying the effect of varying shape of box girder, effect of material uncertainties of concrete on the dynamic response of segmental box girder& effect of torsion on the segmental prestressed box girder.

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Analysis and Design of RCC Box Culvert[ ]


Culverts are required to be provided under earth embankment for crossing of water course like streams, Nallas etc. across the embankment, as road embankment cannot be allowed to obstruct the natural water way. The culverts are also required to balance the flood water on both sides of earth embankment to reduce the flood level on one side of road thereby decreasing the water head consequently reducing the flood menace. This paper deals with study of some of the design parameters of box culverts like angle of dispersion or effective width of live load, effect of earth pressure and depth of cushion provided on top slab of box culverts. Depth of cushion, coefficient of earth pressure for lateral pressures on walls, width or angle of dispersion for live loads on box without cushion and with cushion for structural deformations are important items.

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Drought Scenario Assessment using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI)[ ]


Drought is a normal feature of climate, however, it is also one of the most common and severe natural disasters. It is characterized by the deficient supply of moisture resulting either from sub-normal, erratic rainfall distribution, higher water need or a combination of all these factors. Persisting over months or years, it can affect large areas and periods of droughts have significant environmental, agricultural, health, economic and social consequences. Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the monsoon as a source of water. In some parts of India, the failure of monsoons result in water shortages, resulting in drought and subsequent below-average crop yields. For example, Adhala village in Akole Taluka, Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, being located in precipitation scarcity zone, is known to face water scarcity and periodic occurrence of drought. A systematic analysis of the drought pattern in such areas would help in identifying drought scenario and will be considered as an aid to drought management.

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Study on Finite Element Models of Heroshaper shaper , ProTaper and Mtwo Endodontic File Segments[ ]


Endodontic files are used for shaping and cleaning purpose during the root canal treatment of infected tooth. These files are made from nickel-titanium orthodontic wire alloy or Nitinol that has high strength and more flexibility as compared to stainless steel. The aim of present research work is to study flexibility of Heroshaper, ProTaper and Mtwo endodontic file segments when subjected to torsion and bending loads and to identify most flexible cross section using finite element method. Non linear material behaviour is considered during the analysis. Various results are obtained in form of equivalent von-Mises stress, which are presented in the form of contours & charts. Discussion is presented on suitability of cross section under bending and torsional loads and effect on flexibility of endodontic file.

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Drought Assessment in Tel River Basin using Multiple Time Scaled Indices and GIS[ ]


India is amongst the most vulnerable drought prone countries in the world, where a drought has been reported at least once in every three years in the last five decades. In this paper, an attempt has been made to provide a comprehensive idea of drought through interpretation and correlation of various drought causative parameters. The Tel watershed covering an area of 2756 km2 and lies between 19° 17' and 20° 00' N latitude and 82° 30' and 82° 59'E longitude near Bhawanipatna region of Kalahandi district of Odisha, India was selected as the study area. Spatiotemporal variation of seasonal drought patterns and drought severity in the Tel watershed was analyzed by the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). The analysis shows that drought assessment by watershed approach and the combination of various parameters can offer better understanding and better monitoring of drought conditions.

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An Examination of Possible Usage of Mumbai Creek Sand for Making Concrete – A Review[ ]


This paper present literature review on replacement of natural sand by sea sand and/or sear water in Portland cement concrete. Progressively shrinking availability of river sand has posed a bigger challenge towards the usage of concrete in the infrastructural development in our Country. Towards mitigation of this problem a study is initiated to review the research work done usage of sea sand and /or sea water for concrete. The findings of the various research works on usage of sea sand/sea water indicated that it is possible to produce durable concrete using sea sand provided adequate precautions are taken to enhance resistance to deterioration of the concrete like increasing the density of concrete microstructure using appropriate combination binder, chemical admixtures and using non-corrosive reinforcement. And the characteristics of unwashed creek sand being more or less similar to the sea sand, there is great opportunity to use it as a partial or complete replacement for the scarce river sand without affecting the durability of the structures.

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Design Considerations for Reinforced Concrete Flat Slab Floor System[ ]


Flat slabs are highly versatile elements widely used in construction, providing minimum depth, fast construction and allowing flexible column grids. Common practice of design and construction is to support the slabs by beams and support the beams by columns. Here large Bending Moment & Shear Forces are developed close to the columns. These stresses brings about the cracks in concrete & may provoke the failure of slab, thus there is a need to provide a larger area at the top of column recognized as column head. The purpose of this paper is to present the use of flat plate/slab construction in India followed by a review of design methods for flat plate/slab structure designs based on Indian Standard 456:2000[1] and American Concrete Institute ACI-318[2]codes.

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COMPARISON OF SHEAR RESISTANCE OF HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE BEAM WITHOUT SHEAR REINFORCEMENT BY DIFFERENT CODES[ ]


This paper presents the comparison of shear resistance of high-strength concrete beam without shear reinforcement by different codes. Various researchers has studied the shear resistance of beam by different code . An attempt has been made to study shear strength of high strength concrete beams without web reinforcement of different codes and compare the test results.

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ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY[ ]


Potable water when passes through the distribution system deteriorates in its microbial quality. Further the quality of water deteriorates as it is stored in sump tanks, overhead tanks and loft tanks. Since the tanks are not regularly cleaned the quality of water is affected as it reaches the end user. Due to irregular and improper cleaning of the tanks there is an accumulation of organic matter in the tanks due to which the different microorganisms grow in water which leads to spread of various diseases. In this study different sampling sites from Navi Mumbai have been selected which are tested for free residual chlorine and microbial contamination. Study indicates that there is successive increase in the microbial contamination as water passes from sump tank to overhead tank. Maximum contamination is observed in case of water stored in loft tanks. Disinfection of tank can prove to be one of the measures to check the increase in MPN values in water.

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WAFFLE SLAB- ANALYSIS BY DIFFERENT METHODS[ ]


There are various approaches available for analyzing the waffle slab system. In present study some of these approaches are studied and compared with each other. The comparison is done on the basis of flexural parameters such as bending moments and shear forces obtained from various methods. For carrying out study, halls having constant width 10.00m and varying ratio of hall dimensions (L/B) from 1 to 1.5 are considered.

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Seismic Active Earth Pressure behind Retaining Wall[ ]


Knowledge of seismic active earth pressure behind rigid retaining wall is very important in the design of retaining wall in earthquake prone region. Commonly used Mononobe-Okabe method considers pseudo-static approach. This gives linear distribution of seismic earth pressure in an approximate way. A recently developed pseudo-dynamic method incorporates time dependent effect of applied earthquake load in a more realistic manner. This method gives a non-linear variation of seismic earth pressure along the depth of the wall. This research intends to compute the distribution of seismic active earth pressure on a cantilever retaining wall supporting cohesionless backfill. The variation in seismic earth pressure due to the effect of a wide range of parameters is included in this study. These parameters are wall friction angle, angle of internal friction of soil, shear wave and primary wave velocity of backfill soil, horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations. Expected results are to be in graphical non dimensional form which will compare the linear distribution given by the pseudo static method.

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Design of shear wall in seismic region[ ]


This paper presents a review of relevant literature to bring out the background of shear wall. The research contribution which have a direct relevance are mentioned in greater detail. Some of the historical works which have contributed greatly to the understanding of the design of shear wall are also described. A brief review of design concept is presented and need of shear wall, effect of earthquake, design considerations ,architectural aspect are discussed. Literature on this subject has increased rapidly which are very helpful to understand the recent development in earthquake engineering.

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Design of Prestressed Concrete Tank: A Review[ ]


Start from history of prestressed concrete tank present work focus on different conditions (i.e. leakage, crack of member) and behavior of Prestressed concrete tank which can be used for storing the high temperature liquid. The main components of prestressed concrete tank is divided into 3 parts- Tank floor , Tank wall , Roof slab. This paper presents advance research made on components prestressed concrete tank which helps for designing the tank as it is not included in IS 3370. This paper also deals with seismic effect on prestressed concrete tank.

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