Volume 4, Issue 10, October 2013 Edition


IJSER Research Group https://www.ijser.org/forum/index.php Register for IJSER Research Forum      IJSER Xplore IJSER Xplore Research Paper Database
Pages   [1] [2] [3] [3] [4] [5] [6]
 

Carboxylic Acids and Their Metabolic Enzymes as New Novel Biomarkers of Susceptible, Resistant Strains of Biomphalaria alexandrina and Snails Infected with Schistosoma mansoni[ ]


Carboxylic acids play an important role in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways of both the snail and the parasite. Monitoring the difference between susceptible, resistance and the effects of infection by schistosome on Biomphalaria alexandrina carboxylic acids metabolic profiles represents a promising additional source of information about the state of metabolic system. In the present study , separation and quantification of fumaric , ,malic, succinic , pyruvic , lactic and propionic acids using ion-suppression reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to detect correlations between these acids in both hemolymph and digestive gland (DG) samples in a total of 100 B. alexandrina snails (40 infected and 30 for each susceptible and resistance) . In addition several enzymes representing different metabolic pathways were determined in these specimens. These enzymes included aspartate and alanine aminotransferases (AST and ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), phosphofructokinase enzyme (PFK), glucose-3-P dehydrogenase (G3PDH) ,glucose and glycogen . The results showed significant difference in organic acids ,enzyme activities ,glucose and glycogen level either in hemolymph or digestive glands of resistance and susceptible snails .In addition , significant difference in all the studied parameters in infected snail as compared to susceptible uninfected one . Some possible explanations of the underlying mechanisms were discussed.. These findings highlight the potential of metabolomics as a novel approach for fundamental investigations of host-pathogen interactions as well as disease surveillance and control.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploring Static and Live Digital Forensic- Methods, Practices and Tools[ ]


Analysis and examination of data is performed in digital forensics. Nowadays computer is the major source of communication which can also be used by the investigators to gain forensically relevant information. Forensic analysis can be done in static and live modes. Traditional approach provides incomplete evidentiary data, while live analysis tools can provide the investigators a more accurate and consistent picture of the current and previously running processes. Many important system related information present in volatile memory cannot be effectively recovered by using static analysis techniques. In this paper, we present a critical review of static and live analysis approaches and we evaluate the reliability of different tools and techniques used in static and live digital forensic analysis.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wireless Power Transfer Using Resonant Inductive Coupling for 3D Integrated Ics[ ]


In this paper we introduce a wireless power transfer scheme using resonant inductive coupling for 3D IC’s to enhance power transfer density with smaller coils, Numerical analysis and optimal conditions are presented for both power transfer efficiency and density. HFSS simulation results are shown to verify the theoretical results. Coils for the power link are designed using a chartered 0.13 µm CMOS process. The peak power transfer efficiency is 52% and power transfer density is 49W/mm2.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
L-arginine oxidation with Hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by synthetic heme-thiolate complex relevant to Nitric oxide synthase[ ]


This work describes the synthetic heme-thiolate (SR complex) catalyzed biomimetic oxidation of L-arginine with hydrogen peroxide. The result showed that the SR complex catalyst was efficient for the release of nitric oxide (NO.) and citrulline formation on the oxidation of L-arginine with hydrogen peroxide. The thiolate ligation of SR complex during oxidation reaction was confirmed by EPR spectrum after and before the reaction. SR complex which is a stable thiolate-ligated iron porphyrin, mediated the oxidation of L-arginine much more preferentially than iron porphyrins coordinated by imidazole or chloride.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Design and Analysis of Electronic Fuel Injector of Diesel Engine[ ]


The geometry of the diesel fuel injection nozzle and fuel flow characteristics in the nozzle significantly affects the processes of fuel atomisation, com-bustion and formation of pollutants emissions in a diesel engine. To describe the injector fuel flow, a three-dimensional Solidworks model is employed. The Solidworks package FlowXpress is used for 3-d flow analysis. The results represent the fuel flow characteristics for steady state flow conditions at different angular conical holes. For this purpose several three-dimensional models representing different conical angles are made in the nose region. The fuel injection pump is driven by an electric motor, the pressure control valve regulates the pressure at 100 bar and the calibration fluid is injected through the nozzle into the measuring Cylinder. For the analysis fuel is injected to the virtual conical jar made at the bottom of injector. The fuel flow profiles obtained from the Solidworks FlowXpress at steady flow conditions in the nozzle are validated with the results of the analytical calculations. The injection pressure is kept constant of 100bar and inside the cylinder the pressure is made to 20bar due to the compression ratio and then flow characteristics of all diesel fuel is simulated and observed that by increasing the angle of injection, the swirling of fuels increases and got an optimal angle beyond which it touches the cylinder which will result in more improper mixing and finally result in the Nox emissions.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leakage Power Reduction using Multi Threshold Voltage CMOS Technique[ ]


In deep sub-micron technology, standby leakage power dissipation has emerged as major design consideration. . In this paper, multi threshold voltage CMOS technique for reducing leakage power is proposed. In this technique, the resistance of the path from Vdd to ground is increased, so that significant reduction in static power is achieved with little increase in delay. This work analyses the leakage power and delay of NAND gate and the same can extended to any complex digital implementation. The results are also compared with stacking technique. The circuits are simulated with MOSFET models of level 54 in 90 nm, 45nm and 32nm process technology.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Minimal Digital Electronic Relay-Feedback Control for Sequential Movement of Observatory Shutters[ ]


This article describes design & implementation of minimal digital electronic relay-feedback control of orderly opening and closing the viewing window of an astronomical observatory dome with a single digital soft switching operation to facilitate an optical telescope to track celestial objects. The pre assigned sequential operations for controlling two high current dc motors driven shutters have been accomplished through a hazard free low voltage single manual digital switching.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Study on synthesis of butyl oleate catalyzed by ceric ammonium sulfate[ ]


Butyl oleate was synthesized using oleic acid and n-butanol as raw materials, ceric ammonium sulfate as catalyst. The influences of reaction conditions on esterification were investigated by orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that the conversion of 97.1% was attained under the optimum reaction condition as follows: reaction temperature 140 ?, reaction time 2.5 h, the molar ratio of n-butanol to oleic acid 2.5:1, and the amount of catalyst 5%(wt), the esterification conversion can still reach 60.1% after four times of repeated uses.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exploring the Emergence of Social Networks in Collaborative Software Development[ ]


Collaborative software development has been around as it has been made possible with groupware software. In such scenario, it is im-portant to have coordination and planning among the team members involved in collaborative work.In such development tasks are divided into work items while sharing and tracking the work done. Exploration of tagging for resolving communication concerns in collaborative software development environment is the problem to be addressed. The existing system explores tagging for resolving communication concerns in collaborative software development environment is the problem to be addressed where different kinds of tags are used by various stakeholders to categorize and organize the work items. The tags that will be generated are used to support finding of different tasks, the articulation work, and the information exchange.different type of mechanisms like Implicit, explicit mechanisms have come up to manage the tag vocabulary. The Software that is used in the current day environment of collaborative software development focuses on individual development but not the group work.Most of the software that are used by the developers that are used in their daily work are tailored towards the work performed by an individual but hardly supports team work. The aim of the proposed system is that to explore which social networks emerge in the software development between the author of the work items, owners of the work items and tag authors . This will increase our basic understanding of the team dynamics in the software development cycle and may ultimately result in a better collaborative software tool support for a productive outcome of the product being developed . Thus the social network can provide you an insight of how the communication patterns plays a major role in preventing build failures in a system.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Review: Hepatoprotective activity of Spirulina species.[ ]


Spirulina is a filamentous, photosynthetic, spirally-shaped, multicellular cyanobacteria. The most important species of Spirulina are Spirulina maxima, Spirulina fusiformis and Spirulina platensis. Its chemical composition includes proteins (55%-70%), carbohydrates (15%-25%), essential fatty acids (18%) minerals, vitamins and pigments like phycocyanin, carotenes, chlorophyll a etc. Spirulina is considered as consisting hepatoprotective agents against toxicants such as CCl4, alcohol, acetaminophen etc. Carbontetrachloride is known to produce free radicals and to induce cirrhosis, steatosis and necrosis in hepatic and renal cells. Our present study summarizes the hepatoprotective activity of spirulina against acute CCl4 exposure in rats.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Evaluation of Biocides and the Role of Efficient Water Injection in Oil Technology[ ]


Paper discusses the theoretical aspects of oil technology, giving emphasis to the secondary recovery technique of petroleum i.e. water injection. We discuss the composition of injection water, their treatment by the efficient use of bactericides a. k. a. biocides. We observe the morphology, staining properties and special characteristics of the Sulphur Reducing Bacteria (SRB) and General Aerobic Bacteria (GAB) present in injection water. Paper briefs on the performance efficiency and study the mechanism of action of biocides, briefing on the environmental hazards they can cause if used unwisely. Composition of few media and stains prepared are included in this paper. During course of experiment, individual handling of instruments, including expertise in microscopy was achieved.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Auto-Dim of Vehicle Head Light using RF-waves[ ]


The paper is about developing a cost effective and simple way to auto dim the head light of automobile using RF communication approach. Vehicles travelling at night usually face a problem of distraction for the drivers when an opposite vehicle(s) with high-beam switched on come about 200 meters apart from each other’s vehicle. This project is about automatically diming the head light of opposite vehicles which has high-beam switched-on from high-beam to low-beam. This is done using the RF wave to communicate the proximity of the on-coming vehicles and also a photodiode to detect the overall intensity of the high-beam to the driver. Each vehicle is fitted with the RF transmitter and receiver to detect the proximity of the vehicles. A photodiode is to detect the intensity of the high-beam of the opposite vehicle, after confirming the proximity of the vehicle. Consider Two vehicle ‘A’ and ‘B’ travelling opposite direction to each other during night with their high beam switched on, once ‘A’ and ‘B’ come to about 200 meter to each other (this triggers the RF communication, the high beam of the ‘A’ vehicle start affecting the driver of the ‘B’ vehicle or vice-versa, this is detected by photo diode (which is activated only when RF communication is triggered. To prevent this distraction of the driver, the high-beam of the opposite vehicle is dimed to low-beam.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Content Based and Collaborative Filtering for Online Movie Recommendation[ ]


This research paper highlights the importance of content based and collaborative filtering to suggest item for the customer such as which movie to watch or what music to listen. Recommendation system plays an important in increasing sale of the product, customer satisfaction, increase sale of diverse product etc. In order to increase sale of the product, every organization concern with increase the new customer and retain the existing customer with the organization. Traditional business had limitation of geographical location, but with the new era business spread all over the world. With the help of technological innovation e-business grows rapidly. Customer purchase the item using online store, the only limitation is to search the item in the store on its own; no helping hand available online, in this scenario product recommender system is very useful.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Colloidal MnO2 Catalysed Degradation of Two Azo Dyes Methyl Red and Methyl Orange from Aqueous Medium[ ]


Colloidal MnO2 has been synthesized and characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods. Chemical analysis showed that synthesized MnO2 is 99.21% pure and X-ray spectroscopic analysis indicated that it is amorphous in nature. Scanninig electron microscopy observation revealed that amorphous MnO2 consists of fine-particles of rougly spherical in shape with the average particle size 210 nm. Degradation of the dyes from aqueous solution is accounted in terms decolorization of the dye solution. Preliminary experiments showed that synthesized MnO2 is capable of decolorize selected azo dyes efficiently from aqueous solution. Then further experiments were carried out to optimize reaction conditions. pH dependent degradation of these dyes showed that pH below five support the decolorization of both the azo dyes. Kinetics of degradation of dyes showed that time 60 to 75 minutes is sufficient for the complete decolorization of both azo dyes from aqueous solution. Effect of temperature was investigated and it has been observed that rate of degradation of azo dyes increases with increase in temperature of the dye solution.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Overview of Reverse Supply Chain Management[ ]


The awareness about the environmental problems in the globe is also increasing results of the global agenda for bringing some changes. The report of Brundtland has put impact on industries in the entire world which shows the results of awareness in the products. This also increases recovery activities. Furthermore, the attraction has gain in academia through these activities. Some environmental issues have taken consideration in academic context. Furthermore, the supply chain management as well as reverse logistics is some types of environmental issues. On the other hand, these areas of research still considered as new resulting in lack of individual theoretical base for has gotten review and assessment regarding the contribution of these researches in developments of individual theory for closed loop supply chain management. Moreover, reserve logistics is deemed as a modern field of consideration, study and research leading to helpful information provision relating to the operations of the closed loop supply chain. There is no standard technique is suggested yet even though research relating to this field was started during early 1990’s. The given paper has its own purpose, which deals with the establishment of a new approach to the reverse logistics study. This paper is primarily an evaluation of helpfulness of system dynamics when used in the field of reverse logistics.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Opinion Mining In Figures of Speech in Text[ ]


Opinions are one of the most importance as they can help us to predict sentiments of people regarding a certain product, Service or person. Given a set of evaluative statements that contain opinions (or sentiments) about an object, opinion mining aims to extract attributes and components of the object that have been commented on in each statement and to determine whether the comments are positive, negative or neutral. In this paper we propose a method for opinion mining from statements that are in form of figures of speech. Figures of Speech are integral part of daily language use.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Novel Approach towards Cloud Storage and Its Performance[ ]


Now a days cloud has become a new emerging technology for delivering resources such as computing and storage to customer on demand. Rather than being a new technology in itself, the cloud is a latest business model wrapped around new technologies such as server virtualization that take benefit of economies of scale and multi-tenancy to reduce the cost of using information technology resources. Cloud storage is also a very important part in cloud computing which helps in storing and retrieving customer’s millions of data on time and managing the provider’s space which stores huge amount of data. This paper discusses how startup and midsize organizations can be provided with an effective cloud storage option considering better data storage and their performance.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Intelligent Automobile Accident Avoidance System[ ]


This paper introduces a new technique in automobile technology regarding the lane changing of vehicle and stopping safely at the side of highway when the drivers fault has been detected due to drowsiness or consumption of alcohol, so that vehicles speeding through the fast lane don’t crash or cause any traffic problem. It also provides the hardware implementation of the system. The aim of this system is to prevent accidents occurring on highways because of drowsiness or over consumption of alcohol. The main working of this system is to park the vehicle safely at the side of road by changing the lanes, when it is detected by the image sensing module that the driver is either drowsy or have consumed alcohol. Changing the lane is very important and necessary or else if our vehicle stops on the spot or it loses control then the vehicles coming from behind may crash on our vehicle. For changing of the lane we have used ultrasonic sensors, they detect any vehicle at the side or in front and according to the program they change the lane when there is no vehicle detected. The side end of the road can be informed by the same side sensor because of the reflections from the railing of the road and in case of railing-less road a diagonal sensor informs the side end of the road as the road surface is little higher than the surface off the road. The system also uses motors to rotate steering and also drives for brake, clutch and acceleration. If the car driver is in normal state, the brakes of car will work according to threshold distance set in the program for ultrasonic sensor, making it safer normally on crowded streets.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Basic to Futuristic Cloud Enabled LMS Architectures in nutshell[ ]


This Exploratory Paper describes the current status and futuristic Learning Management System (LMS), paying particular attention to its use in e-Learning. The goal of the paper is to provide decision-makers with information to evaluate the efficacy of LMS platforms for adoption and implemen-tation considerations. The paper further outlines the present state of standardization efforts and confronts technical standards. It is necessary to confront the reader with the enormous gap between present standardization efforts and the requirements of human learning processes because these processes need to be supported by LMSs and need to provide individual learners with the resources to ascend to higher levels of knowledge and competency. Cloud computing describes a broad movement toward the use of wide area networks (WANs), such as the Internet, to enable interaction between information technology (IT) service providers of many types and consumers. Service providers are expanding their offerings to include the entire traditional IT stack, ranging from foundational hardware and platforms to application components, soft ware services, and whole soft ware applications, thus the “Cloud based LMS” become the reality today.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Turkey’s Road to the European Union Mem-bership[ ]


The issue and debate of Turkey’s accession in the European Union family is not something new and unknown. It is definitely one of the most discussed and controversial topics related to European Politics. The base of the doubts whether Turkey should be or not a member of EU, begins from the fact that the country, in the territorial aspect belongs more to Asia rather to Europe. Another one may be counted the final eradication of sultan power and the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923. Still, the country continues being out of the European Family, and the reasons are being discussed. Is it the fact the Turkey’s accession would make changes in the religious issue of the EU? Or the fact that most powerful countries members of EU do not agree on accepting Turkey in the Union? What does EU loses if they do not accept Turkey? Is there a potential risk that Turkish authorities may lose their patience and turn towards to another world powerful country - Russia, and find another Union in Asia? On the other hand, what would Turkey lose? They feel enough strong in the economical aspect and give the right to themselves to not fear anymore from the refusal of European Union, or in other words, see it not as a “must” for getting the famous membership. These are some general points and questions about what the paper includes and emphasizes on.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Text-Independent Egyptian Colloquial Speaker Recognition based on Hidden Markov Model and Sparse Coding[ ]


Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is one of the most popular techniques for speech and speaker recognition, while the Sparse Coding (SC) is widely used in face recognition and has not been used widely in speaker recognition. In this paper a comparison between the performances of Sparse Coding and Hidden Markov Model techniques is done on a text-independent speaker recognition task. Speaker recognition is applied on a closed set of 54 speakers speaking short sentences of the Egyptian Colloquial Arabic (ECA). An ergodic HMM is used with Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCCs) features. Sparse Coding is done on the same data; the used Sparse Coding classifiers are the non-negative least square (NNLS) and the linear regression classifier (LRC). The result of the comparison is that the Sparse Coding outperforms the Hidden Markov Model, in particular, when the LRC classifier is used.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Comparison of Acid phosphatase and ß D-Glucuronidase Enzyme Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with and without Periodontitis[ ]


The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum acid phosphatase, and ß D-glucuronidase lysosomal enzyme levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without periodontitis. We studied a total of 450 subjects categorized into 3 groups: Group I (healthy subjects, n=150), Group II (type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis, n=150), and Group III (type 2 diabetes mellitus without periodontitis, n=150). Serum concentration of acid phosphatase, and ß D-glucuronidase were measured by means of UV absorption spectrophotometer. The mean serum lysosomal enzyme activity of acid phosphatase was elevated nearly 10 times more in type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis (group II). Similarly we observed nearly a 9 fold times increased ß D-glucuronidase activity among the type 2 diabetes mellitus with periodontitis (group II) subjects when compared to control. In conclusion, the elevated activities of the lysosomal enzymes- acid phosphatase, and ß D-glucuronidase may play a biomarker role in showing the periodontal disease status of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Computation of Cross-Polarisation Due to Rain over Durban, South Africa[ ]


The aim of this paper is to compute the cross polarisation caused by rain (XPD) at frequency band 10-35 GHz over Durban (29o52'S, 30o 58'E), a city along the eastern coast of South Africa. Two elevation angles of 23o and 55oare assumed for wave propagation along the coastal region. The globally accepted lognormal drop size distribution model for tropical region has been used to compute the raindrop sizes assumed to be spherical at 20oC. The power law relationship between attenuation and rain rate based on the measured complimentary cumulative distribution of rain rates in Durban is used to estimate the total attenuation. The ITU-R procedure in recommendation 618-9 (ITU-R, 2007) is employed in the estimation of the cross polarisation discrimination due to rain on earth-satellite path. From our results, a linear difference of about 9dB between 0.1% and 0.01% of time is observed at all frequencies over the elevation angles. The XPD observed at 0.1% of time is higher than that of 0.01% at the same elevation angle and frequency. A lower value of XPD results in higher cross-talk or high interference between the two orthogonal channels at the satellite receiver station. The variation of the estimated values of XPD with co-polar attenuation (CPA), frequencies and rain rates at these elevation angles is also examined. The circular polarisation for earth-satellite propagation paths is assumed for the purpose of analysis.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Developing The Tribological Properties Of Lithium Greases To Withstand Abrasion Of Machine Elements In Dusty Environment[ ]


The relatively high concentration of abrasive contaminants in cement industrial plants causes severe wear of moving surfaces leading to rapid failure of the machine elements. In the present work, polymeric particles such as polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were used as solid lubricants dispersed in lithium grease. The effect of main components of white cement such as kaolin, sand and limestone contaminating lithium grease on friction and wear of test specimens was discussed. The tests were carried out using cross pin wear tester to determine friction coefficient and wear. Based on the experimental results it was found that friction coefficient slightly decreased with increasing the content of polymeric particles. Kaolin particles represented the highest friction coefficient, while limestone caused the lowest one. Sand displayed moderate friction values between kaolin and limestone. Sand particles displayed the higher wear values than kaolin and limestone. Addition of the polymeric particles into the grease decreased wear. HDPE displayed the lowest wear values followed by PTFE, PMMA and LDPE.The mechanism of action of polymer dispersion in lithium grease can be explained on the basis that the polymeric particles fill the pits and valleys in the roughness of the sliding surfaces, thereby increasing the contact area and providing an area of low shear strength. This performance will be enhanced if the particles are strongly adhered to the contact area and the shear strength of the polymer is less than its adherence to the substrate. In addition, a film of polymers is built up of sufficient thickness to cover the contact area completely, and sliding takes place between two smooth oriented layers of polymers. In the presence of abrasive contaminants polymeric film can protect the sliding surfaces from the abrading action of the abrasive

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Evaluation Of Quality Of Service Offered By Power Holding Company Of Nigeria(PHCN) To Coldrooms In Anambra State For Higher Productivity.[ ]


The quality of services offered by Power Holding Company of Nigeria (PHCN) in the South East state of Anambra was investigated. The researchers investigated the level of performance of this energy subsector in terms of quality performance index of power generated and distributed to cold rooms in the State. The problems encountered by PHCN in electric power generation and distribution were studied and evaluated comparatively to what obtains in similar economies, through industrial engineering techniques of work study. The method of evaluation of the problems included use of questionnaires, work design, work analysis, work measurement, and data analysis of the collected results. The evaluation of quality of services covered the operations of PHCN from 2008-2010 in the areas. The results showed that PHCN performed below average with 42% in Anambra State and therefore require improvement in supplies to cold rooms. This will be a guide to further studies in other states for an improved productivity in Power supply in Nigeria.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Design of Diaphragm Based Sensor for detection of Arsorane[ ]


In this paper the Diaphragm based sensor design is proposed for the detection of Toxic gas in the environment and proposed system is used to detect the Arsorane which is grouped under Category 3 of toxicity. The design system proposed here uses the Diaphragm suspended from arms attached with the substrate and also contain capacitance circuits to measure the variations in diaphragm. The system here uses single diaphragm instead of using array of beams, so the observation over single system is quiet enough and it enables the generation of accurate result for the optimum temperature of Arsorane.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oscillation Properties Of Certain Types Of First Order Neutral Delay Difference Equations[ ]


In this paper some sufficient condition for the oscillation of first order neutral delay difference equation were obtained.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An Inventory Of Environmental Management Systems And Practices At Visakhapatnam Port Trust (VPT)[ ]


The Visakhapatnam Harbour is really one of the wonders of the nature, and the existence of this natural harbour has transformed the sleepy fisherman village in to one of the fastest growing industrial cities of the world. The volumes of cargo transacted by the Visakhapatnam Port Trust and the dense and diversified industrial activity in and around, have resulted in severe dust pollution problems to the growing city. The increased concentrations of the dust coupled with the increased incidence of respiratory problems in the city and the pressure from the public, NGOs and the media, the VPT has modernized its environmental management systems on priority basis. This paper reports these environmental management systems adopted by the VPT with a special emphasis on the mechanical Dust Suppression System used to control dust pollution from the open stacks of the VPT.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A study on The Distribution of household Carbon Dioxide Emission in a small town of C.G. India.[ ]


A survey of households from a small town of Chhattisgarh, India, was undertaken to determine householders’ attitudes to, and understanding of, the greenhouse effect. The study was conducted for lower and higher income group and found that the higher income group emits five times more CO2 than lower income group. Considering three household carbon dioxide emitters e.g. car (transportation), electricity and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) use were computed and household actions which could reduce CO2 emissions were addressed. Carbon dioxide emissions from the three sources were examined for higher income group which results 4.7tonnes/year per household and 1.13 tonnes/year per person emission. Electricity was the largest contributor (2.40 tonnes/year), cars the next largest (1.70 tonnes/year) and gas third (0.23 tonnes/year) per household. Emissions varied considerably from household to household. There was a strong positive correlation between availability of economic resources and household CO2 output from all sources. Carbon dioxide production, particularly from car use, was greater from households, and numbers of children in the household had little effect on emissions. There were also some economics of scale for households containing more adults. To reduce carbon dioxide emission actual actions is to reduce car use and household cooling.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Temperature Augmentation in Compact Solar Thermal System[ ]


In solar thermal concentrators using thin metallic reflector sheet as the concentrator surface, the fraction of net solar radiative heat absorbed by the collector is dissipated to the surrounding without use through it’s exposed surfaces & the supporting structure. A simple compact solar thermal device with the recovery of solar radiative heat absorbed by the concentrator is discussed here for it’s effect on thermal performance. The concentrator is placed on a spiral housing of heat exchanger pipes at the insulated rear end of the collector with it’s focal image at the aperture plane with a glass cover is studied here.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Application of the Learning Theories in Teaching Chemistry: Implication for Global Competitiveness[ ]


The relevance of chemistry in economy, industry, health and as the center of all other sciences is well known. New expectations arising from education reforms to improve on students’ learning outcomes and to enable them face the challenges in a rapidly growing, innovative competitive world presuppose that teaching and learning prepare students for the world of tomorrow. The traditional teaching methods preponderantly used in the chemistry classroom have proven to be ineffective in promoting students’ understanding of chemistry concepts leading to persistent failure of the subject in public examinations. Analyses of chemistry results of two African countries (Nigeria and Kenya) over a period presented in this paper reveal that students register dismal failure in the subject. This makes it increasingly difficult for students to qualify for the competitive job market or to enroll for science-related courses in the universities after secondary education. Models of constructivist teaching methods designed in this paper show how the learning theories within the constructivists’ perspective differ from the traditional approaches in promoting lifelong learning capable of enabling students acquire skills and competencies to be effective throughout their lives. The paper has implications for teachers, curriculum developers and for the chemistry students.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pages   [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]