Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2013 Edition


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An Efficient Proxy Signature Scheme Without Bilinear Pairings[ ]


A signature scheme is a method for signing a message stored in electronic form. As such, a signed message can be transmitted over a computer network in an authenticated manner. This paper introduces a digital signature scheme and a proxy digital signature scheme without bilinear pairings. Both schemes are based on the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem (ECDLP). Both schemes achieve the standard security requirements. Moreover, the two schemes are compared with other schemes and it is shown that the proposed schemes are more efficient and require less computational effort.

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Removal of Gaussian and Impulse Noise in the Colour Image Succession with Fuzzy Filters[ ]


In this paper, a new fuzzy filter for the removal of impulse noise and Gaussian in colour is presented. By working with different successive filtering steps, named as the adaptive statistical quality based filtering technique (ASQFT), is presented for removal of Impulse and Gaussian noise in corrupted colour images. A combination of these two filters also helps in eliminating a mixture of these two noises. One strong filtering step that should remove all noise at once would inevitably also remove a considerable amount of detail. Therefore, the noise is filtered step by step. In each step, noisy pixels are detected by the help of fuzzy rules, which are very useful for the processing of human knowledge where linguistic variables are used. The proposed filter is able to efficiently suppress both Gaussian noise and impulse noise, as well as mixed Gaussian impulse noise. The experiments shows that proposed method outperforms novel modern filters both visually and in terms of objective quality measures such as the mean absolute error (MAE), the peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the normalized colour difference (NCD). The expectations filter achieves a promising performance.

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Use of Metagenomic approach to diversify bacteria from textile effluent contaminated soil[ ]


These Industrial dyes are released into waste water without any pre-treatment and thus polluting water and soil environment. Soil contains high level of bacteria of any environment, for the treatment of soil, soil samples collected from dyes contaminated area Kanpur and Lucknow. Metagenomic approaches involving the extraction of DNA of pseudomonas sp. from activated sludge of textile industry and herbal care industry, was able to successfully degradation of four different dyes such as indigo dye, cotton pure dye, disperse dye and reactive dye. This group of dyes is toxic if use in more concentration. Biological degradation process is more advantages over physical and chemical degradation of soil.

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Role of hair as Evidence in Investigation: A Forensic Approach[ ]


Hair and other animal fibres can provide vital clues and information after species identification, about the chemical composition, colour treatment, geographical region, growth rate, age, colour and feeding habits including different cosmetic effects. Examination of hair also provides the medical history of the individual regarding therapies, serological identification along with the conventional information including toxicological assessments and drug addiction testing. Morphological and other surface studies including transmission studies have proved the significance of hair in identification of the individual since last 5 decades in the field of the investigation based on their microscopic, elemental analysis and genomic DNA from hair root cells, followed by mitochondrial DNA examination from shafts where hair composition and its association with other environmental factors are major concern including alpha and beta keratin structures in the cuticle along with different melanin granule concentration in cortex, and medullary index. Hair examination has provided aids in identification of criminals in forensic and other legal investigations thus an attempt has been made in this article to provide an account on the various aspects of hair that can be used in investigation.

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Considering Output Volatility Feedback of Share in Pharmaceutical, Vehicle and Oil In-dustry of Tehran Share Market[ ]


The whole index of Tehran share market in April 2009 was about 8000 units. This index was about 19000 units in October 2009. In this period the growth of 137 percent of Tehran share market had some consequences consisting of remarkable increasing of volatilities in Tehran share market. The relation between the output of share and it`s variance as a representative for risk, is an important subject in a financial research. Therefore, exact, transparent and reasoning knowledge of share volatilities and its relationship whit the output of share is important. Share risk is known whit volatilities in price of share or whit output volatilities, because the amount of output changes can be a reagent of distrust from not gaining of output. In this paper, volatilities feedback of Tehran share market has been considered among there groups of pharmaceutical, vehicle and oil, along whit comparing them. Volatilities feedback means share output impressionable from its risk and indeed explains the effect of share volatilities on its output. In spite of having upward procedure, some time series had volatility procedure and in some periods, they left more or less volatility behind. Since the researcher considering volatility feedback, among ARCH family models the M-GARCH model was used and the GARCH (1-1), the GARCH (1-1), the GARCH (2-2) were selected for pharmaceutical group, vehicle group and oil industry respectively. Also among outputs of time series, just daily index was used in time periods from 2006 to 2010. The result of research showed volatilities feedback in pharmaceutical and oil industry. Positive effect of volatilities reigns on output in pharmaceutical group, when this effect was negative in oil group. Also it was not confirmed in vehicle group.

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Parallel computing on cloud for massively intensive applications using mapreduce[ ]


Recent advancements in data intensive computing for science discovery are fueling a dramatic growth in use of data-intensive iterative computations. Performance is an open issue in data intensive applications. To process large-scale datasets with high performance more resources and reliable infrastructures are required for spreading the data and running the applications across multiple machines in parallel Cloud computing basic platform can propose different requirements for storage and Computation in face of different users during its operation. Cloud computing has become the cost-effective solution for the increased demand for computing resources and services ,distributed data, by removing the the cost of building , operating and maintaining expensive physical resources and infrastructures . MapReduce is a programming model for parallel data processing widely used in Cloud computing environment. This paper discusses about MapReduce which is a cloud computing support to execute massively intensive applications parallel.

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Assessing the Quality of Journal Management Systems[ ]


Electronic Journal Management Systems (JMSs) are considered as a useful tool to manage electronic resources. However, development of management systems for large journal organizations is a complex task. It is difficult to develop a journal management system framework with complete functions; and sometimes the framework may introduce unexpected interactions between diverse parts of the software systems. The objective of this research is to develop a theoretical, comprehensive, and measurable framework for assessing the quality of JMS in order to provide straight forward criteria to encourage improvements of web-based Content Management Systems (CMS) design and implementation. Our process overlaid industry and academic research to identify quality dimensions in order to meet the objectives of this research. The quality dimensions of the proposed criteria are content management, administration services, user interface, and help and support. These dimensions together with their comprehensive indicators and checklists can be used to assess the quality of current journal content management systems.

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Variation in data rate communication systems with improved OFDM-MIMO technology by using the LDPC code[ ]


The fast evolution of global mobile communication demands high speed data rate transmission via satellites, which requires spectral efficient modulation technique and power efficient forward-error correction [19]. The main objective of any communication system is error free transmission with maximum possible data rate[8]. Noisy communication channels are having major problems in data transmission. To avoid this problem we can use the channel coding along with the appropriate modulation scheme. So that Channels are having modulation and channel coding for the same objective of producing the appropriate signal waveforms to cope with the noisy channel. Today LDPC are the most required channel linear block codes and provides the best performance in noisy channels like AWGN and Rayleigh channel. Along with suitable modulation schemes like QAM and MPSK etc. Under the fading conditions we can further improve the performance by applying the concept of diversity analysis. The performance of LDPC codes like any other code is measured in terms of BER, FER and Girth Test[20]. LDPC codes were ignored for long time, but now they are used mostly in all error correcting schemes and also used more than the turbo codes because these code having the better error correcting performance as well as these code are more satiable for parallel implementation. These facts are possible because of the iterations are available for decoding schemes and also the parallel decoding structures and message passing algorithms [6] etc. These days LDPC codes are used in mostly for Wireless, Wired, Optical, OFDM, communication systems.4G wireless, Satellite Communication and Digital Television lies with LDPC codes[9],[10]. LDPC codes could be used in magnetic storage devices because of their better decoding performance compared to other error correction codes. In this paper we worked to improve the error performance of the LDPC codes under extremely noisy channel conditions for different data applications with the suitable modulation schemes. Multiple input and multiple output technology is applied to solve the poor signal reception problem. Performance of the high speed data rate communication channel is improved by using the LDPC Encoder.

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An Integrative Approach to Information Extraction[ ]


Huge amount of information is hidden within unstructured text. This information is often best exploited in structured or relational form, which is suited for many applications including Information Extraction. Information Extraction is the task of automatically extracting structured information from a given set of information thus producing a well-defined categorized data from unstructured machine readable information. Here, we exploit the idea of integrating Inductive Logic Programming approach and Bayesian Logic Programs for extracting information more efficiently.

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Comparative Studies of the Thulium and Erbium Doped from 1480-1650 nm with Different Host Materials as Optical Fiber Amplifiers[ ]


This work describes the comparison of the amplification characteristics (gain) and the Noise figure (NF) of the Thulium and Erbium in three different host materials which the Yttria Alumina-Silica glass, Fluoride and Tellurite fiber glass. The gain using these host materials covers the range 1.45-1.65 µm. Thulium doped fiber amplifier (TDFAs) operated in the region of wavelength (1480-1510 nm) which is called S-band. The main pump source is 1.04 and 1.55 µm which creates population inversion between 3F4 (upper laser level) and 3H4 (lower laser level), and erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) operated in the region (1510-1650 nm) which is called L -band with the pump wavelength 980 nm. It is found that the erbium doped yttria-alumina silicate fiber amplifier exhibits a maximum gain of 40.3 dB at the central wavelength 1540 nm and minimum noise figure 14 dB, but the broadening in the gain curve is 20 nm. Also it is found that the thulium doped yttria-alumina silicate fiber amplifier exhibits a maximum gain of 27.5 dB at the central wavelength 1467 nm and minimum noise figure 2.5 dB, with the broadening in the gain curve is 41 nm. Gain flatness was investigated and the results strongly confirm the feasibility of using different hosts’ glass doped with Thulium in practical ultralarge capacity WDM networks.

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Design & Simulation of Microstrip Antenna for Cancer Diagnosis[ ]


Breast cancer affects many women, and early detection aids in fast and effective treatment. Mammography, which is currently the most popular method of breast screening, has some limitations, and microwave imaging offers an attractive alternative. In this paper we have design cancer diagnosis model which consist of a microstrip antenna, breast model and tumor in HFSS 11. This model shows that tumor present in breast can be detected by observing the change in the distribution of volume current density of the breast with tumor and without tumor. Our model shows that the maximum current density of the breast in the presence of the tumor is (275.61A/m2) and maximum volume current density of the breast in the absence of the tumor is (109.5 A/m2). And the minimum current density of the breast in the presence of the tumor is (1.16A/m2) and minimum volume current density of the breast in the absence of the tumor is (1.08 A/m2). This particular technique is competitively easier and safer than mammography and tomography in which we use high intensity X-rays for the detection of breast cancer.

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Mycotic Keratitis In Central India[ ]


Introduction -Present study was done to clinico comparatively evaluate MycoticKeratitis in relation to its clinical picture and visual recovery.Method- The present study was conducted on 300 patients during the session 2008 to 2013. The patients were analyzed to have an over view of patient profile, predisposing factor microbiological status culture sensitivity and visual outcome after imparting requisite treatment.Result :- During the present study it was noticed that mycotickeratitis was present in 34 % of patients and mixed infection in 10% of patients were as other forms of microbial keratitis was noticed in rest of the patients. It was noted that patients involved in agriculture activity or those suffering from trauma inflicted with vegetative material had more risk of developing mycotickeratitis that is 76% where ascortico-steroid misuse was noted in 11 % and 13 % hade idiopathic origin. Overall culture was positive in 12 % of mixed infection, 14 % of mycotickeratitis and culture was positive in 18 % of bacterial infection. In mycotickeratitis healing occurred in 62.2 % , surgical intervention in 11.53%, BCL in 14.4 % and perforation occurred in 11.87 %. Conclusion -Present study showed that mycotickeratitis has male predominance with trauma by vegetative material,76% undetermined cause 13% and cortico-steroid misuse 11%.as main culprit

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Synthesisof Some Fused Heterocyclic Compounds Based on 1-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one[ ]


1-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)-3-(furan-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one(3)reacted with 2-cyanoethanethioamide (4)to afford the corresponding 6-(1-benzofuran-2-yl)-4-(furan-2-yl)-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carbonitrile(5). The synthetic potentiality of compound 5 was investigated in the present study via its reactions with several active-hydrogen containing compoundsaiming to synthesize each of thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives 8a,b, 11, 14a,b, 17, 20,23; 3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbohydrazidederivative 24 which used in turn, to prepare(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)carbonyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridin-3-amine 26,N-phenylmethylenethieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carbohydrazide31, pyrido[3`,2`:4,5]thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidinone derivatives 33, 35, 38a,b andpyrazolo[3',4':4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-one derivative 40. The structures of the newly synthesized heterocyclic compounds were elucidated by considering the data of both elemental and spectral data.

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Impact of Solid Waste on Human Health: A Case Study of Varanasi City[ ]


Urbanization and population growth are solely responsible for high increasing rate of solid waste and its proper management is a major problem of Municipal Corporation. In this study, the sources and components of solid waste were identified; type and the quantity of solid waste disposed, methods of solid waste disposal and impact of improper waste management on health were highlighted. The result shows that excreta and other liquid and solid waste from households and the community, are a serious health hazard and lead to the spread of infectious diseases.

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Waste Reduction and Productivity Improvement through Lean Tools[ ]


In Bangladesh most of our foreign currency comes from garments sector. The phase-out of the export-quota system from the beginning of 2005 has raised the competitiveness issue of the Bangladesh RMG industry as a top priority topic. The most important task for the industry is to reduce the wastes and productivity improvement of garment manufacturing. Hence, this study focuses on identifying and reducing of wastes and improving productivity. Case study methodology has been applied to collect and analyze data by direct observation. Wastes are identified by using value stream mapping. Value Stream Mapping is the simple process of directly observing the flow of information and material as they occur. Pareto analysis is used to rank the wastes identified by VSM. Root cause analysis is developed to identify key causes behind wastes. Then Cellular Manufacturing and Kanban have applied to reduce wastes and improve productivity. Cellular Manufacturing refers to a manufacturing system wherein the equipment and workstations are arranged in an efficient sequence that allows continuous and smooth movement of inventories and materials to produce from start to finish in a single process flow, while incurring minimal transport or waiting time, or any delay for the matter. In this research raw material kanban has been used. Raw material kanban method is a calculation that determines the optimal amount of raw material goods to be placed in a buffer. It assures there is always just enough material on hand to make what is needed. This research extracts the common scenario of the garments sector of Bangladesh by depicting the existing pictures of the value stream. System simulation has been applied to measure the proposed system’s performance. Arena 10 software has been used for system simulation. Again AutoCAD 2004 has been used for layout analysis. Finally, the research work proposes some recommendations for the studied organizations to improve the performance.

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Development of Interdigitated Back Contact Heterojunction Silicon Solar Cells by using One-Dimensional Numerical Simulation[ ]


In this paper, we will present the (IBC-SiHJ) solar cells (interdigitated back-contact heterojunction silicon solar cells) that have both the emitter and the complete metallization on the rear side. This eliminates the shading present in conventional solar cells, and the sunward surface and back-side of the solar cell can therefore be independently optimized for optical and electrical performance, respectively. We use “PC1D”, which is a simulator from software package. PC1D is extensively used for modeling a lot of devices, and it is well suitable for modeling solar cells. One-dimensional numerical simulations were performed to derive design rules for low-cost, high-efficiency of interdigitated back contact (IBC-SiHJ) solar cells on a low-cost substrate. So we study the influence of the doping and the thickness of the front surface layer (FSF) and rear surface layer on the characteristics of an IBC solar cell, in order to obtain the optimal struc-ture of these cells.

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Comparative Study of Image Stegnographic Techniques[ ]


Stenography is the method of communicating useful information in such a manner that no one can not even think that there is some transference of infor-mation. The message is not attracted by eavesdroppers and attackers because the observer cannot even detect the presence of message. For hiding the information, the most popular format is digital image. In this paper, we are doing comparative study of different stegnographic techniques. These techniques are analysed according to their ability of how much information they can hide and their robustness to different attackers.

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A Review on Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks and Broadcasting Mechanisms[ ]


VANET has been developing very fast during the past decade. VANET has different mobility pattern and rapidly changeable to-pology. In inter-vehicle communication (IVC), vehicles exchange important information, e.g., about road conditions and hazardous situations. Having information about danger, the driver can be warned in-time, thus being able to safe life. This paper focuses on the different characteristics of VANET and applications. And also discuss about the various routing protocols and broadcast mechanism. Optimal data disseminiation of time critical information reduces the numbers of road accidents.

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Performance Analysis of a Microwave Link using Space Time Block Code (STBC) with Receiver Diversity[ ]


This paper represents the effect of STBC (Space Time Block Coding) over QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying) on the performance of a microwave link. Space Time Block Coding (STBC) is MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) transmit strategy which exploits transmit diversity and high reliability. The BER (Bit Error Rate) curve for QPSK modulation is obtained and then same number of data is transmitted using STBC. The simulation then finally shows that by doing so the SNR value improves.

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A mathematical model of oxygen diffusion into the blood stream[ ]


The function of the mammalian respiratory system is the facilitation of the transfer of gas/ exchange of gas between the organism’s environment and its internal transport medium, the blood. Evolutionary processes have optimized the anatomic structure of the lung as a tree-like branching network of airways terminating in thin walled elastic ducts and alveoli, where this gas exchange occurs. Here we develop a mathematical model based on the results and theories from airflow and gas exchange between the alveoli and blood capillary. The model studied the oxygen diffusion into the blood, aimed at the diffusion across the membrane. The model is based on the mass balance in the system which results in the first order linear ordinary differential equation. The model equation is solved explicitly and the, upper bound for thickness of the membrane is established.

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Adsorption of reactive blue 21 by flyash and treated flyash, a low cost adsorbent[ ]


Wastewater from textile industry contains various pollutants including a high content of organic matter, additives, surfactants and dyes. Dye has obtained notoriety as hazardous substances, because most of them are toxic. These dyes are harmful for environment and aquatic life. Also, dyes are resistant to biodegradation. Thus, the study was performed to investigate the removal of colour for specified reactive dye (RB 21) using different types of easily available adsorption media like flyash, treated flyash, sawdust, rice husk, waste apricot, clay mineral. Fly ash gives good removal of dye from synthetic wastewater. The effect of various parameters such as pH, temperature, adsorbent dose and concentration has been investigated in the batch experiments. Dye removal ef?ciency for RB 21 reached up to 33% & 88% at lower concentration, and then decreased to less than 6% & 77% at higher concentration for RFA and TFA. The amount of dye adsorbed decreases with increase in the concentration of solution from 2.5-50 mg/l at room temperature, indicating the process to be highly dependent on the initial dye solution concentration.

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A brief study on Corporate Governance in the Financial Enterprises of Bangladesh; Specially in Banking sector.[ ]


This is an exploratory paper with the aim of determining the nature and practice of corporate governance in the financial sector in Bangladesh. Corporate Governance Philosophy of a company stems from its belief that the Company’s business strategy, plans and decisions should be consistent with the welfare of all its stakeholders, including Shareholders, viewers etc. As in many developing countries banks play a vital role in Bangladesh economy, as the dominant financier for the industrial and commercial activities. Despite the expansion, the operational efficiency of the banking institutions has continued to be dismal. Bank in developing countries are faced with high risk of sharking as a result of heavy government ownership, lack of prudential regulation, weak legal protection and presence of special interest group. Bangladesh Bank is working to establish teams of expert s whose primary responsibility will be monitor the performance of the banking sector for good risk management and corporate governance. Performance of corporate governance in bank depends on several factors. Like Reliability of management, Efficiency of the board, Adequacy of the banking system, Commitment towards deposit lender and suppliers, Board member commitment, Quality of corporate reporting, Stake holders participation in management, Credit rating. The cumulative impact of these factors results in a corporate behavior which is followed in Bangladesh. A series of discussions and meetings with key personnel of the organizations such as active board members, board secretaries, and company executives were held to identify the focus of the study within the context of Bangladesh. Based on these preliminary findings, a questionnaire was developed to collect specific information on the state of corporate governance in some selected industries. The questionnaire was made semi-structured to allow for in-depth interviews with key individuals of the companies. In each company, this led to several rounds of discussions and interviews with more than one individual. This has limited ability of the study team to analyze the results using quantitative techniques. Thus Corporate Governance (CG) is the way the firm ought to be run, managed and controlled. It is related with supervision and holding the responsibility of those who direct and control the management.

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The Philosophy of Management Science[ ]


The Philosophy of Management Science has been sadly neglected by most contemporary literature in the Philosophy of science. This paper argues that this neglect has been unfortunate and that there is much to be learned from paying greater philosophical attention to the set of issues discussed or analysed by the philosophy of management science. The major contribution of this field to such current topics as reductionism, explanation and methodology within the scientific enterprise is viewed as a possible insight into the broader understanding of the philosophy of science

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Faith in Science and Religion (A Philosophical Investigation)[ ]


Faith in science and religion can be compared and contrasted taking cognizance of their subject matter and to what extent they have common object. Faith is believing that certain things are true, it is a habit a state of mind by which we have truth. The question is, does faith play any role in science just as we think it revolves as the pivot of religion? The contrast of reason and faith as a method, or even as cognitive disposition is a common trope in discussions of science and religion. The position of this paper is that the contrast perceived to exist between the man of faith in science and religion is misplaced or does not exist.

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Physico-Chemical and Bacteriological analysis of Indrayani River Water at Alandi, Pune District (Maharashtra) India[ ]


Without food, human can survive for a number of days, but water is such an essential compound that without it one cannot survive. Water is not only essential for the lives of animals and plants, but also occupies a unique position in industries. Simultaneously Groundwater is an important source of water supply throughout the world. The quantity and the suitability of groundwater for human consumption and for irrigation are determined by its physical, chemical and bacteriological properties. Its development and management plays a vital role in agriculture production, for poverty reduction, environmental sustenance and sustainable economic development. In some areas of the world, people face serious water shortage because groundwater is used faster than it is naturally replenished. Human development and population growth exert many and diverse pressures on the quality and the quantity of water resources and on the access to them. Water quality assessment of Indrayani river is done for the various parameters like pH, DO, BOD, COD, chlorides,sulphates,nitrates,calcium,magnesium,hardness, The water samples were also analyzed for the presence of fecal bacteria namely: Escherichia coli (E.coli),and total coliform bacteria present in river water.

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Methods of Practical Spatial Data Modeling forArmed Forces[ ]


The Geospatial data sharing is the prime tool in the hands of Military leaders to fight all conventional battles including the information warfare. Timely updation of data is very critical for successful planning of operations and taking decisions in realtime. The interoperability between various military agencies at the national level is only a part of the challenge, while the integration of systems of both military and civilian agencies is the crucial and other part of the challenge.Most of the solutions that were propagated by various governmental and private agencies in dealing with this challenge are through encouraging use of Spatial Data Exchange Format. Indian National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) has come out with National Spatial Data Exchange (NSDE) format, which if used by all agencies, the exchange of Spatial data could be made contiguous. The approach is positive for most of the civil agencies adopting the Geospatial resources for planning, but the same approach will not be sufficient for Armed Forces, towards achieving interoperability. The challenge for inter service data exchange for Armed Forces pegs from indifferent data models attempting to interchange data in a conflict situation. The data models need to be logical and base their framework on the prevailing operational art. Each system in every service follows a proprietary data model. The need for a uniformly adoptable data model is the necessity for the Armed Forces. There have been innumerous attempts of model generation attempted with partial success at the institutional level;the issues noticed as complex even after such attempts in providing seamless integration are because of the nature of functioning within Armed Forces. The approach and planning that should be focused in undertaking the development of a logical data model for Armed Forces are different from what are followed in creation of data model for civil agencies. Unless these are addressed, the creation of data model for Armed forces will be not wholesome and will fail to achieve its very aim.

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Investigation of Inductance effects reduction in IR drop analysis using diagonal power routing in Power grid circuits in VLSI[ ]


This paper proposes to analyze the IR Drop analysis with the diagonal power grid for either static or dynamic .In high performance digital circuits, clocks are running at high frequencies and it induces the IR drop. Such phenomena can occur on clock lines and long buses. In addition, the switching noise due to inductive voltage drops is an issue for power distribution network in VLSI circuits. The power supply noise mainly manifests itself as a voltage drop in the power distribution networks. The inductance effects can no longer be ignored as technology scaling progresses into sub-nm processes, since interconnect lengths become longer as the functionalities of the IC chip grow. The chip operating frequencies increases into multi-gigahertz range, and signal rise and fall times become faster. Therefore, it is important to model inductive effects accurately for high speed VLSI designs. In this we implemented the Diagonal power routing in top power layer (M9), which reduce the resistance and Inductance (Ldi/dt) effect compared to the orthogonal power grid.

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Engineering Analysis of the Abouhenidi Gas Station in Yanbu Albahar[ ]


The Abouhenidi Gas Station was founded by my father, Mohammad Abouhenidi, in December 1999, in Yanbu Albahar, a small city in the west of Saudi Arabia (Figure 1). Only one type of gasoline was sold in Saudi Arabia at time, when the Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs had many rules for gas station owners and entrepreneurs. For instance, a certain distance between any two gas stations had to be observed in order not to create an excessive concentration of gas stations within one single area. This aim has now been translated into a policy according to which gas stations have to be located at a minimum of 500 meters distance from each other within a city, and 5 km if on a highway.

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A Review: Recent Innovations in Self Compacting Concrete[ ]


The use of agro-industrial waste materials in concrete is common solution for waste disposal as well as economy purpose. Various research studies have been conducted on the use of agro-industrial waste as an innovative material to produce good quality of concrete whether it is plain concrete or self compacting concrete. The present paper explores the recent innovations in self compacting concrete containing agro-industrial waste materials. The paper also reviewed latest application of admixtures and their performance on SCC quality. Application of various innovative materials as ingredients in SCC and their effect on the fresh and hardened properties are discussed here. SCC is a special type of highly flowable concrete that does not require vibration for placing and compaction. Innovative materials are generally used for partial replacement of cement or sand or aggregate or combination of two or more. They may be used as additional filler to enhance the physical and mechanical properties of the SCC. The goal that expected from the paper is to compile the recent innovations in SCC, study their effect on the properties of SCC and establish an international benchmarking for further research work in this regard.

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Effect of Lime on Plasticity, Compaction and Compressive Strength Characteristics of Synthetic Low Cohesive (CL) and High Cohesive (CH) clayey soils[ ]


Proper application of lime to poor subgrade soils, platform of pavement systems, do significantly reduce its damaging impact on the pavement and the escalated costs required to import superior soils. However, the amount of published information on lime stabilized clay is localized since natural soils vary a great deal from one location to the other. There have not been any study allowing direct comparisons between maximum dry density (mdd) and optimum moisture content (omc) of lime stabilized high and low plasticity clays and to ascertain why the maximum dry density decrease as the lime content increase. There is a need to conduct a unified study with blended synthetic commercially available clay minerals to produce a reproducible controlled low plastic cohesive soil (CL) and a high plastic cohesive soil (CH) in the laboratory. These synthetic cohesive soils can represent the “ideal” low and high cohesive clay soil in the global village.

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Chemical Stabilization of Laterite Soils for Road construction[ ]


Most roads in Accra (Ghana) don’t stand the test of time and don’t live out their designed life span due to inferior soils used as sub-base in their construction. Presently, engineers and contractors deal with such soils by removing them and replacing them with superior materials such as imported gravels to help improve the strength of the soils. The importation of these desirable materials for construction is very costly. More efficient method which uses less energy and is less expensive in dealing with poor soils for road construction is chemical stabilization. The objective of this project therefore is to chemically stabilize poor sub-base soil to be used for road construction using lime and cement as additives.

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Wireless Jamming Networks with VLSI[ ]


A mobile phone jammer is an instrument used to prevent cellular phones from receiving signals from base stations. When used, the jammer effectively disables cellular phones. These devices can be used in practically any location, but are found primarily in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive because silence is expected. But the existing mobile phone jammers are having several defects so we are going to design a new mobile phone jammer using VLSI Technology which will be more efficient than existing jammers.

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