Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2013 Edition


IJSER Research Group https://www.ijser.org/forum/index.php Register for IJSER Research Forum      IJSER Xplore IJSER Xplore Research Paper Database
Pages   [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
 

Bacterial Foraging Algorithm for Chaotic Synchronization with PID control[ ]


In this paper, a PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controller is used for chaos synchronization for delayed discrete systems. The gains of PID controller can be determined using optimization algorithm that is called Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFA). The algorithm is motivated from a bacterium is called E.Coli that is live in our intestines. The E.coli bacterium has a control system (guidance system) that enables it to search for food and try to avoid noxious substances. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this algorithm for chaos synchronization.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Real Time Abandoned Bag Detection Using OPENCV[ ]


Abandoned Object Detection is one of the important tasks in video surveillance system. This paper proposes a work related to automatic detection of abandoned and unknown objects using background subtraction, morphological operation and centroid method. The aim of the approach is to automatically recognize activities around restricted area to improve safety and security of the servicing area. The system takes as input from the camera, tracking and recognition results and fuses these into object estimation. A proposed algorithm for object tracking in video, based on image segmentation is proposed. With the image segmentation all objects in video can be detected whether they are moving or not by using segmentation re-sults of successive frames. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can be applied to multiple movements.The algorithm was tested on real time video surveillance system and it produces very low false alarms and missing detection. This approach definitely provides security and detects the moving object in real time video sequence and live video streaming.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Angiogenin as a Multi-Targeted Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease[ ]


Angiogenin, a potent agonist of neovascularization, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A recent study showed that the serum level of angiogenin is directly correlated with the cognitive functions of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that angiogenin may play a role in AD as well. However, its mechanism of action independent of its regulatory effects on neovascularization is unknown. This study investigated angiogenin’s possible mechanism of action in an in vitro model system of AD and proposes the potential of angiogenin to be used as a multi-targeted therapy that inhibits the level of phosphorylated tau and beta-amyloid (Aß) production, both of which play critical roles in the progression of the disease. Results show that angiogenin reduced tau phosphorylation and Aß production with statistical significance (p<0.05) through a glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK3ß)-dependent pathway. Angiogenin may therefore be a viable multi-targeted therapeutics strategy, especially with the current lack of treatment options available for AD.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CMOS Process Photodiode Memory[ ]


Demand for high-speed dynamic reconfiguration of a programmable device is increasing for raising the performance level of such devices. To support high-speed dynamic reconfiguration, optically reconfigurable gate arrays (ORGAs) have been developed. An ORGA consists of a holographic memory, a laser array, and an optically reconfigurable gate array VLSI. The holographic memory can store many configuration contexts. Moreover, its large-bandwidth optical connection enables high-speed reconfiguration.Nevertheless,in previously proposed ORGA-VLSIs,the static configuration memory to store a single configuration context consumed a large implementation area of the ORGA-VLSIs and prevented the realization of large-gate-count ORGA-VLSIs. Therefore, a CMOS process photodiode memory has been newly fabricated to increase the gate density of ORGAs. The photodiode memory uses the junction capacitance of photodiodes as dynamic memory, thereby obviating the static configuration memory.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HAZARDS - A Broader View[ ]


When designing asynchronous sequential circuits, care must be taken to conform to certain restrictions and precautions to ensure proper operation. The circuit must be operated in fundamental mode with only one input changing at any time and must be free of critical races. Hazards are unwanted switching transients that may appear at the output of a circuit because different paths exhibit different propagation delays. Hazards occur in combinational circuits, where they may cause a temporary false output value. When this condition occurs in asynchronous sequential circuits, it may result in a transition to a wrong stable state. It is therefore necessary to check for possible hazards and determine whether they cause improper operations. In this paper several steps are taken to eliminate their effect.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Partitioning VLSI circuits on the basis of Genetic Algorithms and Comparative Analysis Of KL And SA Partitioning Algorithms[ ]


Circuit partitioning is the one of the fundamental problems in VLSI design. It appears in several stages in VLSI design, such as logic design and physical design. Circuit partitioning is generally formulated as the graph partitioning problem. Circuit partitioning problem is a well known NP hard problem. The potential of Genetic Algorithm has been used to solve many computationally intensive problems (NP hard problems) because existing conventional methods are unable to perform the required breakthrough in terms of complexity, time and cost. The presented work deals with the problem of partitioning of a circuit using Genetic Algorithm. The program inputs the adjacency matrix, generates graph of the circuit and partitions the circuit based on crossover operator. The program produces a set of vertices that are highly connected to each other but highly disconnected from the other partitions.In VLSI circuit partitioning the problem of obtaining minimum cut is of prime importance.To enhance other criteria like power,delay and area in addition to miminum cit is included.For this problem, a heuristic proposed by Kernighan and Lin is the most well-known and widely used one in practical applications. with the passage of time and advancement of the technological methods. In this paper, the comparison of two partitioning techniques is done based on cut-set. One, KL and second algorithm is Simulated Annealing algorithm. However, due to recent advances of semiconductor technologies, a VLSI chip may contain millions of transistors, and hence the size of the problem of circuit partitioning also becomes very large. Good partitioning techniques can positively influence the performance and cost of a VLSI product.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Demystifying Dark Matter[ ]


Dark matter, proposed years ago as a conjectural component of the universe, is now known to be the vital ingredient in the cosmos, eight times more abundant than ordinary matter, one quarter of the total energy density and the component which has controlled the growth of structure in the universe. However, all of this evidence has been gathered via the gravitational interactions of dark matter. Its nature remains a mystery, but, assuming it is comprised of weakly interacting sub-atomic particles, is consistent with large scale cosmic structure. This paper discusses and sheds new light on the possible nature and prospects of the dark matter in the Universe.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Audience Frames During 26/11 Mumbai Attacks: A Content Analysis of Letters to Editor[ ]


The 26/11 Mumbai incident was a major terror attack in India’s recent history. It evoked lot of public reaction, mainly because of profuse media coverage and growing sense of vulnerability among the Indian citizens. The kind of reportage carried by newspapers was embedded with frames that infused the readers to think in line with the projected frames. The paper explores how 26/11 crisis was communicated by media sources to audiences affecting their perceptions. The paper further seeks to find out the frequency of such “directed” response in the form of letters to editors and establish the various frame categories that were dominant during the initial days of media coverage of this event.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Performance Analysis of Blends of Jatropha Biodiesel[ ]


This paper investigates the performance analysis of blends of Jatropha biodiesel. The experiment was carried out on a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled compression ignition engine where blends of Jatropha bio-diesel and pure diesel were tested with load variations and its effect on the parameters like brake thermal efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, volumetric efficiency, specific fuel consumption, air-fuel ratio, heat loss in brake power, heat content in Jacket cooling water, radiant heat loss and heat content in exhaust were observed and compared. Eventually, it was found that blends of Jatropha bio-diesel proved to be a better environmental friendly fuel than that of pure diesel.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Region of Interests Extraction for Analysis of Microscopic Pap Smears Images[ ]


This work presents an approach for analysis of Pap smear microscopic images of cervical region. Pap smear test is an efficient and easy procedure to detect any abnormality in cervical cells. But human observation is not always satisfying and it is a tedious task to manually analyze a large number of Pap smear images. Pap smear one of the most interesting fields in biomedical image processing. The proposed system gives a technique related to digital Pap smear microscopic image analysis. The image processing techniques have been used to detect cell's nucleus area and the surrounding cytoplasm. The system was designed to extract each single nucleus belong to a cell individually, and in case of clustered cells (i.e., cancerous cells) the whole cluster area is extracted as one piece.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Robust Gender Classification Using LMnp-local Minima Pattern[ ]


Gender classification is an important matter for Human Computer Interaction devices. A new methodology for gender classification is examined in this study where the facial feature is extracted from local region of a face using gray color intensity. The facial area is divided into eighty-one equal sized square sub-regions and Local Minima Pattern (LMnP) method is applied to each pixel. LMnP histograms extracted from those regions are concatenated into a single vector to represent that particular face. The classification accuracy obtained using Local Minima Pattern (LMnP) along with support vector machine as a classifier has outperformed all traditional feature descriptors for gender classification. It is evaluated on the images collected from popular FERET database

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Knowledge of rural people about National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme[ ]


The National Rural Employment Guarantee Act is a revolutionary step for India’s poor. NREGA is the first ever law, internationally that guarantees wage employment on an unprecedented scale and is therefore different from the earlier government schemes. The present study was conducted in five villages of Dharwad taluk, to know knowledge of NREGA among beneficiaries, problems faced by them and suggestions for improvement of the programmes. The sample consisted of 270 randomly selected beneficiaries of NREGA. The results revealed that, majority of beneficiaries (97%) had high knowledge about the programme. Age and education were positively and significantly related to the knowledge of the beneficiaries. Most of the beneficiaries faced some problems while, 33 per cent beneficiaries said that there are no sufficient work site facilities like drinking water and 24 per cent women beneficiaries said that there is no crèche facility. Majority of the beneficiaries suggested that there should be increase in wages and that number of working days should be more than 100 days.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Reflection and Transmission of Plane Waves Incident at the Interface between an Elastic Basement and a Sedimentary Layer Underlying a Homogeneous Ocean[ ]


An acoustical model for consolidated sediments is used to study the reflection in the ocean sediments. The problem of reflection and refraction of elastic waves incident at the interface between an elastic basement and a sedimentary layer lying under a uniform layer of liquid is studied. The sedimentary layer has been taken as transversely isotropic liquid-saturated porous solid. The interface between the sedimentary layer and the elastic half-space is taken as imperfect interface and appropriate boundary conditions are defined there at. The assumptions made are justified at most frequencies of practical interest in underwater acoustics. The reflection and refraction coefficients have been obtained and studied for different degrees of bonding of the sediments-basement interface for all angle of incidence.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Non Parametric Analysis of Parental Gender Preference in Enugu State.[ ]


Parental gender preference in developing countries has generated a lot of challenges in the families, ranging from divorce cases to Polygamous homes. This study has examined Parental gender preference in Enugu state of Nigeria; whose culture as Ibos attaches a lot of importance to a male child for the continuous existence of paternal lineage. Using the chi square test of homogeneity, the analysis gave P-values > 0.05, which led to the acceptance of the null hypothesis of homogeneity. Therefore, it was observed that contrary to the popular view of the people, gender preferences are not significantly different among parents irrespective of their educational level; which measures parent’s modernization status.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An Integrated Structure of Interacting Design and Agile Approaches[ ]


Agile approaches have verified to be helpful in small organizations and also increasing curiosity in large organizations. Agile approaches refer to highlight the ability to change the amount of incremental and iterative software development approaches. The agile approaches ability to produce software is reliable, quicker and with better control than the traditional development. User centered design is basically about knowing what users deeply use information to inform design. It is a problem resolving procedure that needs to check expectations and authenticate your concepts with users. Interaction design and agile approaches need to integrate. These two areas are different in natures. Agile approaches have an individual culture which is conflict with user centered design. Hence, integration of these areas has become a challenge. This research was focused on integration of these two areas, which provide a set of practice and artifacts to help agile teams and user centered designer to control this challenge. An integrated structure has proposed for interacting design and agile development approach.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
How the exponent of even element of a N-equation exceeds two[ ]


Regarding Beal equation mystery all the important sides have been discussed in Aug-edition and in subsequent development of Oct-edition 2013. It has been shown that how left hand odd element of a N-equation produces its power beyond two and then other two exponents are bound to be restricted on two. Similar occurrence is noticed when right hand odd element produces its power beyond two. Obviously, when the even element produces power beyond two the exponents of both odd elements are bound to be restricted on two. But how the even element produces its power beyond two was not elaborately discussed in earlier two editions. This paper contains a little proof or method by which we can understand the power characteristics of even element of a Nequation.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Epidemiology Of Tuberculosis: Current Status In District Dir (Lower) Pakistan[ ]


Among infectious diseases the Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality. The present study was carried out in district Dir (Lower) Khyber Pukhtoon Khwa Pakistan. The aim of the study was to find out the prevalence of TB among the local population in district Dir (L). A descriptive study was design. The data were collected from different hospitals located in different area of district Dir (L). The data were analyzed for area wise distribution, area wise comparison, gender wise distribution and comparison and age wise distribution. From January 2011 to December 2011 total 1332 sample populations were analyzed. Out of total samples the 513 (38.51%) were positive and 819 (61.49%) were found negative. The area wise distribution shows that the high number of TB cases was reported in Shamshi Khan (54.62%) where, the lowest cases were recorded in Chakdara (28.04%). The results show that the female (53.22%) are more infected than male (46.78%). The occurrence of high TB patients (24.37%) was recorded in age group 2: (>10-20 years) while the lowest of TB patients (3.7%) were recorded in age group 1: (0-10 years). From this study it was concluded that the TB is still prevalent in district Dir (L) and affect the most productive age group.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tetra-primer Amplification Refractory Mutation System for Screening T2D TCF7L2 Variant[ ]


The tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system PCR (T-ARMS PCR) is a fast and economical means to analyze single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). It requires only PCR amplification and electrophoresis afterwards for the determination of genotypes. Despite the reliability of the technique T-ARMS PCR, only fewer studies involving this have been published to date. This is because of the amplicons number which increases per reaction which is tough at times to separate on gel electrophoresis and also it is difficult to find such primers with similar annealing temperature. Considering expenditure of high throughput genotyping in the developing world, this study was designed to optimize an efficient technique, T-ARMSPCR for studying type 2 diabetes (T2D) susceptible gene using TCF7L2 SNP. A pair of non-allele-specific outer forward, reverse primers (OF, OR) and two pairs of allele-specific inner primers (IF1, IF2, IR1, IR2) were designed and optimized in separate reactions after troubleshooting of PCR conditions particularly, annealing temperature. Total four primers, a pair of outer and inner T-ARMS-PCR primers (OF, OR, IF1 and IR1), were pooled together eventually, to amplify the two target alleles of a specific SNP, rs12255372 (G>T). A second pair of inner primers (IF2 and IR2) was optimized to recheck the results of genotyping. Optimization of the T-ARMS PCR method resulted in likelihood of genotyping the two alleles of the TCF7L2 SNP rs12255372, G and T in a single, rapid and cost-effective PCR reaction. In this study T-ARMS PCR protocol was successively and thoroughly optimized in terms of PCR cycling conditions and reaction components. However, these results highlight the advantages of T-ARMS PCR in SNP genotyping, and have led to the incorporation of this method in the routine molecular diagnostic workup.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On the Performance of the Spray Fans used in HARAM for Improving Climate Conditions [ ]


The present paper introduces the numerical simulations of two important jet atomization techniques for liquid jets either in co-flow or coaxial air stream. This work is motivated by the desire to improve the performance of the large spray fans used in HARAM piazzas for improving the climate conditions. Such large spray fans are fitted with a number of small nozzles distributed all over the rim of each fan. The optimum performance of the atomization process for the liquid jets issuing from the distributed nozzles is highly desired to obtain the so called fog cooling and to reduce the suspended air pollutants. The atomization process is numerically simulated using a numerical code developed previously by the authors. A new design for the implemented nozzles is introduced in order to increase the atomization efficiency in forms of fast breakup process of the liquid jet and the fine droplets obtained. In general, the numerical method applied showed a remarkable capability to predict the atomization process encountered in such large spray fans and it gave the possibility to extend the numerical simulation to include the nested effects of the distributed nozzles on the whole atomization process and the new atomization regimes encountered.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ethernet Boot loader for ARM Processor[ ]


The Ethernet boot loader is used in the Arm processor to boot the ARM from the external flash/ memory. The internal boot loader is programmed such that the program counter (PC) starts execution from the address of the external flash device. The Ethernet and UART have been used to program the external and internal memory respectively. All the utilities and the tools used are either evaluation versions or free softwares. Hence, the use of expensive boot loaders or boot loading devices is reduced making the module cost effective. The module uses a flash of 4Mb as the external memory and an internal flash of 512Kb. The Ethernet boot loader can be effectively used for any processor with modifications as applicable. The TFTP has been implemented for the file transfer.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analysis And Optimization Of Auto-moboile Seat Track[ ]


One of the objectives of automotive industries is to design quicker and more efficient vehicles, emphasizing on travelling greater distances in short interval of time. For this comfort with safety of passengers is very important, thus the design of the seating system is very important. The seat tracks provide the base to the vehicle seats and are required to perform important functions. They have physical connection to the vehicle and transfer power to the undercarriage. At the same time, they have to provide individual length adjustments possible.The Seating in an automobile is a compromise between comfort and space constraint. The compactness of the seats warrants meticulous design and is a complicated problem. Seat track assembly is the most critical criteria in the design of Seat structures in automotive industries. Amongst many parts, the seat tracks (upper and lower tracks) carry most of the load on seat structure considering human load. The aim of this project is to optimize the design of an automotive seat track subjecting to static analysis. The adopted design has thickness of seat track as 1.5mm; scope of the present work involves Finite Element Modelling of Seat track assembly using HYPERMESH. Pre-processing steps such as updating of element type, material properties, application of loads and Boundary condition is performed using HYPERMESH. The element type considered for the analysis is SHELL .Then input file (.key) compatible to LS-DYNA platform is created using HYPERMESH and same file is imported into LS-DYNA Platform. Processing is carried using LS-DYNA. The results in the form of stress and displacement are extracted using HYPER VIEW.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assessment of impacts by Industries on sediments of Kabini river around Nanjangud Industrial area, Karnataka ,India[ ]


Degradation of aquatic environment is one of the major problems caused by population explosion and industrialization. It has been observed that aquatic sediments absorb toxic chemicals to many times higher than water column concentration, so determination of water quality alone cannot give a clear idea about the extent of pollution. In order to determine the physico-chemical characteristics and heavy metals concentrations in sediments of Kabini river a baseline study was conducted. Ten sampling stations were selected across the study area of Kabini River flowing through industrial area of Nanjangud. The studies were carried out for three seasons to determine the seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of sediments. pH of the sediments were in the range of 6.38-7.96, EC 9.18 dS/cm -30.60 dS/cm, calcium ranged from 2 mg/kg - 5.7mg/kg, magnesium 0.29 mg/kg -1.93 mg/kg, sodium and potassium were in the range of 7.2 mg/kg - 11.1mg/kg, 2.1 mg/kg - 3.4mg/kg respectively and presence of significant amounts of nutrients like phosphates, nitrates and sulphates showed river is becoming rich in nutrients. All the parameters showed considerably less concentrations during monsoon season. The present study indicates that there is increase in the amounts of nutrients in the sediments of Kabini River due to discharge of effluents and sewage directly to the river. The heavy metal study across the area showed the presence of Iron, Copper, Chromium, Lead, Zinc and Nickel. Only copper was found to be above the standards set by USEPA and it showed that sediments are heavily polluted by copper.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analysis of Pile Behavior due to Damped Vibration by Finite Element Method (FEM)[ ]


Pile foundation is analyzed for damped vibration by finite element method. Laboratory experiments for the similar study were not held previously because, it is not practically possible to penetrate a vibrator in the large depth; collection of soil sample in the laboratory largely disobey the need for undisturbed soil; preparation of models cannot completely describe the infinite soil boundary conditions; and the presence of faults in the large depths has varying hydrostatic and air pressure, and also have the temperature variations, leaving huge difficulties in model construction. Different physical or mechanical properties that may have significant consequences are analyzed to obtain the displacement at the top most point of the pile. Graphical representations of those variables are prepared to take further steps to make efficient design for safer structures. To carry out the analysis, a 3D pile soil model is built using comprehensive computer software ANSYS 10 © 2005 SAS IP, Inc package. The model is firstly verified with previous studies for horizontal loading, and further modal and spectrum analysis are done for different soil conditions or other variables to obtain graphical relationships of the pile top displacement. Many variables such as ratio of modulus of elasticity’s of pile to soil, equivalent spring constant of soil, vertical loads, frequencies of vibration are studied to obtain the displacement of pile top. It is found that, Displacement at the top of the pile is increased up to 10% for the increment of the frequency of 5 Hz, where other parameters remain the same. 50% increase of ratio modulus of elasticity’s of pile to soil will result in 70 to 80% decrement of deflection at pile top and, concentric vertical loads reduce the pile top displacement due to vibration up to 20 to 60% when the pile is designed for service load equal to 80% of the pile capacity.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Design Of User Level Threads For Multi-Core Pro-cessors Implemented On FPGA[ ]


The era of Energy efficient high performance computing seems to be increasing at a very high rate. Multi core processors play a key role for high performance computation. Multi core processors employ the idea of spreading concurrency through out the system. Multi - core and Multi - threaded processors both together exploit concurrency by executing multi threads on multiple processors. Hence an operating system provides multi threads for parallel applications. Since the scheduling process is hard coded in the operating system, it is unknown to the user. A different category of threads known as user level threads which reside in the user mode and the one which avoid kernel context switching will be implemented on FPGA soft core processor known as microblaze to effectively schedule threads based on the inputs from the application loaded by the user based on priority based scheduling using Open MP API(application program interface) to enhance the scheduling capability of user threads and allow user level threads to effectively utilize the advantage of concurrency in multi core processors and multi core embedded processors. Implementation of user level thread parallelism on FPGA can also be effectively used for embedded. processors which employ multi core processors.This Open MP user level multi threads will be designed using the tool XPS(Xilinx platform Studio) and SDK(software development kit) provided by Xilinx 14.5 and implemented on microblaze soft core proces-sor embedded in sparten 3E starter FPGA kit[4] and interfaced with the kernel to effectively utilize the advantages of multi core processors and multi core embedded processors

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Analysis of Fault Tolerance on Grid Computing in Real Time Approach[ ]


In computational Grid, fault tolerance is an imperative issue to be considered during job scheduling. Due to the widespread use of resources, systems are highly prone to errors and failures. Hence fault tolerance plays a key role in grid to avoid the problem of unreliability. Scheduling the task to the appropriate resource is a vital requirement in computational Grid. The fittest resource scheduling algorithm searches for the appropriate resource based on the job requirements, in contrary to the general scheduling algorithms where jobs are scheduled to the resources with best performance factor. The proposed method is to improve the fault tolerance of the fittest resource scheduling algorithm, by scheduling the job in coordination with job replication when the resource has low reliability. Based on the reliability index of the resource, the resource is identified as critical. The tasks are scheduled based on the criticality of the resources. Results show that the execution time of the tasks is comparatively reduced with the proposed algorithm using real time approach rather than simulator.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Under UtilizedSpectrum Sensing Cognitive Radio Framework for Gaussian Channel[ ]


In wireless communication systems, spectrum is a very valuable resource and it has been a focal point for research and development efforts over the last several decades. Cognitive radio, which is one of the efforts to utilize the available spectrum more efficiently. Spectrum sensing is a crucial component in the discovery of spectrum opportunities for secondary users (unlicensed users).Cognitive radio framework optimizes secondary throughput while minimizing the interference to primary users (licensed users).Convex optimization under Gaussian channel and Gaussian input signal is considered. Gaussian channel do not account for fading, frequency selectivity, interference , non linearity dispersion.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chaotic Behaviour in Some Discrete -Time Adaptive Control Systems[ ]


It has been shown that nonlinear discrete maps can display extremely rich behaviour and under certain parameter conditions to show chaotic phenomenon. This work looks at adaptive control feedback systems which can be represented as nonlinear discrete maps and shows how model mismatch can lead to undesired complicated and chaotic behaviour. Moreover that a discrete-time adaptive control system which can display chaotic behaviour can be extended into higher order systems and the results show that under certain parameter conditions, the higher order systems also behave chaotically. A generalised equation form for the eigenvalues is also given.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detailed morphometric analysis of Man River Basin in Akola and Buldhana Districts of Maharashtra, India using Cartosat-1 (DEM) Data and GIS techniques [ ]


In this study an attempt has been made to understand the morphometric characteristics of the Man river basin with an aim to compute the detailed morpho-tectonic parameters and their bearing on the hydrogeological condition of the region. The drainage map of the area was prepared from the high resolution satellite image and Survey of India (SOI) toposheets which were updated using LISS-III analog data. Updated drainage maps were used for the drainage pattern analysis of the study area. For detailed investigations, SRTM data is being used for preparing digital elevation model (DEM) by utilizing geographical information system (GIS). Different thematic maps i.e. drainage map, stream order map and the digital elevation model (DEM) have been prepared by using Arc GIS software. The detailed study has led to the computation of 85 morphometric parameter of all aspects related to drainage analysis. Based on the results obtained from all morphometric analysis, the study area can be classified as a morpho-tectonic region that is formed due to the erosional development of the area by the streams which have progressed well beyond maturity and that the lithology has had an influence in the drainage development. These studies are very useful for planning rainwater harvesting and watershed management of the region for the future planning and management of water resources for sustainable development of the basin.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A High Capacity Reversible Data Embedding Scheme For Mpeg4 Video Using HVS Characteristics[ ]


Authentication or hiding the data in the image or video for better identification of our property for avoiding the data or video theft. In present era multimedia plays a major role as well as we should require the embedded data should be reversible or lossless,with high capacity embedded for better authentication of our original video. In present technology maximum data hiding in the video is possible but the extraction of original data for embedded video is a very complicated task. In C.C.Chang like technologies are used to extract data presented in DCT based system by u sing data average method. But it is not possible for maintaining robustness in the technology. In various technologies lot of disturbances are observed because they do not consider the HVS characteristics. Finally we would like to avoid the disturbance in MPEG-4 video by using HVS characteristics and better PSNR values. A high capacity reversible data embedding scheme for video can be used for better visual qualities in the terminology of HVS characteristics.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Comparative Study of Data Mining Techniques in Maintenance of Data warehouse[ ]


Data warehouse plays a vital role in Decision support systems. As it needs to answer many complex queries, managerial level queries, requires advanced computing Techniques. Data mining is the process of extracting hidden useful information from huge data bases. Literature of Data Mining involving algorithms and techniques related to association, classification, clustering etc. Data warehouse deals with heterogeneous, huge amount of data and has to answer complex queries. Once Design Data warehouse is done then it need to concentrate on Data warehouse maintenance. Data warehouse requires advanced systems to increase the performance in addition to the existing system. The explicit-table approach, Materialized view (MV) approaches are to be added with latest techniques. Many methodologies for Optimization of calculating MV’s and efficient calculating Data cubes are proposed. This paper explores the data mining techniques such as Association, clustering used for Data warehouse maintenance

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Synthesis, Structural And Electrical Studies Of Ba- Doped AL2O3 Prepared By Solution Combustion Synthesis[ ]


Nano-crystalline Barium doped ß-alumina as BaxAl2-xO3-d (where x= 0.01,0.02,0.03) was successfully prepared via solution combustion synthesis using urea as a fuel and aluminium nitrate as precursor. These samples were characterized by powder XRD, SEM and TEM analysis. The electrical conductivity was measured using two probe dc technique within a temperature range 5000C to 11000C. The ‘Ba’ is located in the glassy matrix which surrounds the crystalline phases. There it acts as a blocking ion and suppresses the easy mobility of alkali ions which are present as impurities. XRD analysis revealed spinel like structure of Ba-alumina. The insulating property of the material was found to be increasing with the concentration of ‘Ba’. The activation energy calculated from Arrhenius plot of conductivity was around 0.89 eV.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Religion, Race and Self - Identity - A perspective of Afro - American Womanhood [ ]


Black Women have repeatedly asked themselves: How does a black woman handle the claims of being both a black and women? There are simple answers. Some women see themselves as being black first and female second, others reverse in order. But others see black women as people and their race and sex which contribute to their total being. It is a great quest that black woman, how they aimed to integrate heritage with American Society and Culture. During the Harlem Renaissance, many Black women proved by writing number of Poems, Stories, and other Art related works. Their aspiration to high culture brought a bridge between races. It has become an achievement against discrimination. Many saw their ethnical identity and spatial heritage from their writings as an assertion of self.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Effect of System Pressure on Head Loss Components (Part 1: Water Distribution within Buildings)[ ]


Frictional and separation losses as well as ratios of separation loss to the total head loss were calculated for a reservoir discharge range of 0.6L/s to 4.4L/s (with a corresponding range of number of sanitary appliances served of 8 to120) for reservoir elevations of 5.0m, 7.5m, 10.0m, 12.5m and 15.0m, for water distribution within a building. The effect of available pressure (due to reservoir elevation) on the separation loss fraction was studied. The study showed a general decrease in the separation loss fraction (and, therefore, an increasing fraction of the loss due to pipe friction) with increase in available system pressure.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Effect of System Pressure on Head Loss Components (Part 2: Water Distribution to Groups of Buildings)[ ]


For varying total water distribution rates in the range of 0.88L/s to 60L/s (with corresponding numbers of sanitary appliances ranging from 17 to 204 and numbers of bungalows in the range of 1 to 16), pressure head losses due to friction and through fittings were calculated for available distribution heads of 2.5m, 5.0m, 7.5m, and 10m. The effect of available head (which is governed by the reservoir elevation) on the fraction of the total head loss which accounts for that through pipe fittings was studied. The results show that the fractions of loss due to pipe fittings decrease (with a corresponding increase in the fraction due to pipe friction) with increasing available system pressure.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Geoengineering Properties of calcareous and Quartzite sand collected from West Alexandria coastal line and Abo Rawash Quarry area[ ]


This article represents a comparative study between the calcareous sand which covering the Mediterranean coastal line and quartizitic sand from Abo Rawash quarry area. The geological and geotechnical characteristics of calcareous and quartizitic sand materials have been studied. The laboratory tests are including physical, chemical mechanical properties. The mechanical properties include direct shear test, compaction parameters (by modified proctor and California Bearing Ratio) and unconfined compressive strength of sand cement mortar cubes. The chemical analyses include Insoluble residue, CL and SO3 percentages. The tested samples grain size gradation revealed that the both samples of calcareous sand and quartizitic sand are classified as poorly graded sand (Sp). The coastal line calcareous sand samples have 99% of carbonate materials content and Abo Rawash quartz sand has only 2% of carbonate materials. The calcareous sand has a peak friction angle of about 28? to 32.6? and cohesion 0.06 kg/cm2 while the quartizitic sand has a peak friction angle about 38? and cohesion 0.08kg/cm2. The average values of the CBR of calcareous sand samples and quartizitic sand, compacted at optimum moisture content are 5.88 and 17.35%, respectively

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cost effective security device mechanism for threats[ ]


This paper proposes a low cost protection system for an individual and specially for women. The system will consist of embedded components and a software product combination. The system allows to know the current location of the individual, as soon as the trigger key on the belt is pressed. The system then packs the information along with the phone database information and the current location using the GPS (Global Position System) of the mobile phone [1]. The system then sends the messages to the respective numbers selected from the mobile database which are present in the nearest area location of that individual including the police station . This device will be valuable for providing the runtime location of the individual in any worst case scenarios.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Digitized Profile Of Land For Agriculture Use In Punjab, Pakistan[ ]


Agriculture has a significant role in the development of this world trade economy in historical perspective. Now, for the betterment of foodstuff security and foreign debt strategies, observing the assumptions behind the production of national agriculture in countries like Pakistan seek attention. We need to maintain that all these assumptions have definite deficiencies between theories and real obstacles. In scope, the relationship between Industry and agriculture has been more fluid and global. For those countries whose economy directly depends on agriculture it is essential for them to get precision in this field. Geographical Information System provides the set of tools to handle the upcoming issues related in this world. On the bases of GIS technologies we can identify about the precise quantity of how much seed to buy, where to plant and how much compost of fertilizer to use. SFRI took a bold step in this trail and became the pioneer in the agriculture of Pakistan to develop this type of automated system under the project entitled “Development of Digitized Profile of Land for Agriculture in the Punjab Province’’. This research produces a mechanism for intelligence system to create an automatic area exploration, visualization of maps, crop suitability and fertilizer recommendation on the basis of analyzed soil components (EC, pH, OM, N, P, K, Texture) and water component (EC, SAR, RSC).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Avoidance of Risks for Mobile Agents on Different Domains[ ]


Now a days mobile agents system is very popular and secure way of data transmission through computer Network .Mobile agent is a software entity. It has safe state and code. Mobile agent travels through number of hopes and it can leave hope as and when needed. Throughout all these communication of mobile agent it can loss their personnel information like code or data. Code or data can be still or modified by some malicious behaviors of the computational environment. In the field of mobile agents system there are various security issues raises and can create a problem in data communication. My research paper is focus on the some security threats and security mechanism provided to mobile agent for their secure computation in the particular domain. Using that technique there can be reduce turn around time for mobile agents up to some extent. The proposed mechanism can work at the base level of computation of mobile agents in their concurrent computational environment.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active Feedback Control Of Hydrodynamic Slug Flow[ ]


Slugging is the intermittent flow regime in which large bubbles of gas flow alternately with liquid slugs at randomly fluctuating frequency in pipelines. This occurs when the velocity difference between the gas flow rate and liquid flow rate is high enough resulting in an unstable hydrodynamic behaviour usually caused by the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pseudomonas aeruginosa WJ-1, A Potent Biosurfactant Producer: Exploring Enhanced Oil Recovery Under Laboratory Conditions [ ]


Due to energy scarcity the search for new and renewable energy sources has gained a lot of momentum. Chemical surfactants have been used in the oil industry for enhanced oil recovery from oil reservoirs. Though these compounds seem useful but are not biodegradable and eco-friendly. Potential use of bacteria in enhanced oil recovery therefore becomes the useful tertiary treatment to recover oil from a reservoir which cannot be otherwise removed by primary and secondary treatments.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Path Connected Cluster Wireless Sensor Network and Its Formation, Addressing, and Routing Protocols[ ]


Although wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been extensively researched, their deployment is still a main concern. We observe that many monitoring applications for WSNs have adopted a path-connected-cluster (PCC) topology, where regions to be monitored are deployed with clusters of sensor nodes. Since these clusters might be physically separated, paths of sensor nodes are used to connect them together. We call such networks PCC-WSNs. PCC-WSNs may be widely applied in real situations, such as bridge-connected islands, street-connected buildings, and pipe-connected ponds. In this paper, we show that the address assignment scheme defined by ZigBee will perform poorly in terms of address utilization. We then propose a systematical solution, which includes network formation, automatic address assignment, and light-weight routing. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
X-Ray Crystallographic analysis of Fungicide monceren N-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-N-cyclopentyl-N'-phenylurea[ ]


Monceren N-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-N-cyclopentyl-N'-phenylurea, a local Non systemic fungicide with good protectant The activity of fungicides is intimately related to its chemical structure. Knowledge about the chemical structure of a chemical is useful for the synthesis of new compounds with more specific actions and fewer adverse reactions, to increase/decrease the duration of action of the original drug or to get a more potent compound, to restrict the action to a specific system of the body and to reduce the adverse reactions, toxicity and other disadvantages associated. We can understand the basic chemical groups responsible for fungicide action.Recently it has been observed that some of the fungicides are loosing their effects. If their structures are known. , analogous compounds can be designed as a substitute. .A rational approach to test these fungicides is to know the three dimensional structure of these compounds and macromolecular receptor sites as well as their molecular complex .The structures of these compounds can be obtained by X-ray diffraction method in crystalline form and they will invariably be similar to their structure in solutions. The Monceren N-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-N-cyclopentyl-N'-phenylurea molecular structures obtain by the X- Ray Diffraction method in crystalline form. Crystal size of monceren is nearly 0.46 x 0.120 x 0.060 mm. We determine the three- dimensional structure, molecular dimensional, molecular geometry, electronic structure and the conformation of fungicides and analyze their crystal structures also. The composition of crystal Monceren N-((4-chlorophenyl)methyl)-N-cyclopentyl-N'-phenylurea is confirmed by comparing the infra-red spectra The unit cell parameters are a = 12.1887(12)) Å b = 8.7677(8) Å ,c = 33.063Å, a = 90 o , ß = 90.00 0, ? = 90 o The Crystal system is Orthorhombic.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pages   [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]