Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2013 Edition


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Measuring Accessibility to Punctiform Urban Services using Space-Time Prisms: a Study on the Planned Residential areas of Khulna City[ ]


Accessibility indicates the relative easy to access of a certain opportunity & actually it is the result of interaction of land use & transportation system. For urban planning practice a number of methods so far has been developed, but in recent time space-time accessibility measurement technique has been developed by different geographer which considers space constrain of human activity along with the time constrain unlike the traditional methods. Recently, urban planners are also contributing to the space-time concepts with proper application of this concept to the real world accessibility problem of the urban area. This paper shows how the concepts of space-time prisms can be applied to measuring accessibility to punctiform urban services where punctiform services are those, which delivered from a specific point & has a spatial dimension. Besides measuring the accessibility, this paper also shows the gap between the existing land uses of Khulna City in respect of supply of services with the accessibility of the residents for the selected residential areas. In case of selecting the location of punctiform urban services delivering, this type of accessibility measurement is necessary to reduce the waste of resource like time, money, energy for both service suppliers & service consumers.

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Impact of plant extracts as molluscicides agent against Biomphalaria. alexandrina snails and Schistosoma mansoni[ ]


In the present study, the efficacy of 6 different species of medicinal plants belonging to 5 different families against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails and Schistosoma mansoni stages were examined. During screening test of water suspension and methanol extract, results revealed that Oreopanax reticulatum (Family: Araliaceae) had the strongest molluscicidal activity against Biomphalaria alexandrina snails followed by Azadirachta Indica A Juss (Maliaceae) and Dizygotheca kerchoveana (Family: Araliaceae). Methanol extracts revealed more molluscicidal potency as compared to water suspension. Also, the effect of methanol extracts of Oreopanax reticulatum, Azadirachta Indica A Juss (Meliaceae) and Dizygotheca kerchoveana on the survival rate and cercarial production of B. alexandrina infected with Schistosoma mansoni, as well as on free living stages of S. mansoni (miracidia, cercariae and worm) were studied. The results show that the sublethal concentrations of methanol extract of these plants caused a considerable reduction in the survival rate of the snails and in the infectivity of S.mansoni miracidia to the snail. Reduction in the number of cercariae per snail during the patent period and in the period of cercarial shedding was also, observed. The prepatent period for snails exposed to sublethal concentrations of the tested plants during their exposure to miracidia has been shortened. The mortality rate of miracidia and cercariae and adult worms were elevated gradually by increasing the exposure period to methanol extract of these plants.

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Screening and Microbial Characterization of Lipase Producing Organic Solvent Tolerant Lysinibacillus Fusiformis C5 (MTCC 11801)[ ]


The aim of the present work was to isolate and screen a lipase producing bacterium that can tolerate different organic solvents and its microbial characterization. A total of 12 cultures originating from sun dried spoiled coconut were successfully screened for lipolytic activity by Rhodamine B-Olive oil plate assay. Six cultures shown tolerance to various organic solvents (acetone, benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, 1-butanol, n-hexane and n-heptane) with hydrolytic zones when flooded on tributyrin agar medium. The maximum zone of hydrolysis is observed in culture C5 on plates flooded with n-hexane with maximum activity of 4.6 U/ml at 37°C after 48 hrs incubation period at 150 rpm. Culture C5 showed growth at temperature range 30°C to 45°C, pH range 5.8 to 9, NaCl concentration 2.5% to 5% and retained 99% of its initial activity upon exposure n-hexane. Later the culture C5 was identified as Lysinibacillus fusiformis by morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization and was deposited in Microbial Type Culture Collection (MTCC) under the accession number MTCC 11801.

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Impact of the Art of Living Programme on Organisational Role Stress Among Veterinarians and Paraveterinarians of Gujarat State[ ]


For this investigation, the 236 veterinarians and 146 paraveterinarians serving in the public sector in the eight districts of Gujarat State and who have attended the Art of Living programme at the Art of Living Ashram, Vasad, District : Anand were selected. The data revealed that majority of veterinarians and paraveterinarians were having high Organisational Role Stress which varied for different role stress in the range of 40.00 to 77.00 per cent except Self Role Distance (SRD) which reduced to a considerable extent after the Art of Living programme. Based on ‘t’ values, it could be concluded that the Art of Living programme had significant impact in reducing all Organisational Role Stress.

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Role of memory allocation in ‘C’ programming[ ]


In the following paper different type of memory allocation for different type of data in a C program has been explained. This paper deals with different segment where data is stores and its effect on the output of the program. This paper illustrates and explains the various problems with memory allocation such as stack overflow and fragmentation. We have also shown with the help of a code the cause of fragmentation in heap. This paper sees a C program from a memory point of view, two example codes has also been illustrated whose output is not as expected cause of memory allocation.

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Isolation and Identification of A Novel Strain Bacillus stratosphericus DF Producing Alkaline Protease and Optimization of Enzyme Production[ ]


An extracellular alkaline protease producing novel bacterial strain was isolated from soil sample collected at dump yard of dairy farm industry, Visakhapatnam and identi?ed as Bacillus stratosphericus DF by morphological, physiological, biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Protease production was enhanced 2.3 fold by optimizing the culture conditions. The nutritional factors such as carbon and nitrogen sources and also physical factors like pH, temperature, agitation speed, inoculum level and incubation period were optimized for the maximum yield of protease. Studies on the effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources revealed that lactose and combination of yeast extract and soya bean meal enhances the enzyme production. The bacterium produced the maximum amount of enzyme when allowed to grow for 48 hrs at 35°C and pH 10. The present study is the first report on the production of alkaline protease from Bacillus stratosphericus, which is a rare species usually, found 20 miles above the Earth and is believed to have been brought to the surface by atmospheric cycling process.

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Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna Using Partial Ground[ ]


Microstrip antennas have become the favorite choice of antenna designers because of advantages such as low profile, light weight, easy fabrication and easy integration with circuits. Although microstrip antenna has several advantages, also it has several disadvantages such as low gain and narrow bandwidth. Intensive research is going on to develop bandwidth enhancement techniques by keeping its size small. This paper gives comparision of simple rectangular microstrip antenna and microsrip antenna with partial ground. One is the simple rectangular Microstrip antennas and another is, rectangular Microstrip antennas with modifying the ground plane is designed and simulated .This paper describes the design of Microstrip antenna resonate at frequency 2.4 GHz using coaxial feeding for high speed networks. The antenna is constructed on material with dielectric constant of 4.4. The advantages of Microstrip antennas have made them a perfect candidate for use in the wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. Though bound by certain disadvantages, Microstrip antennas can be tailored so they can be used in the new high-speed WLAN systems. This project concentrates on manufacture enhancement of bandwidth of Microstrip antennas for the 2.4 GHz ISM band. Finally, simulation is done using software HFSSv13. HFSS is employed to analyze the proposed antenna and simulated results on return loss, input impedance, 3D radiation pattern and VSWR plot is presented.

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Effect of drought on groundwater levels drop in Kermanshah Province[ ]


Drought is a natural disastrous phenomenon that occurs due to the continuous reduction of rainfall over a short or a long period of time. A deficit in precipitation (meteorological drought) can result in a recharge deficit, which in turn causes lowered groundwater heads and a deficit in groundwater discharge. Given the importance of water in human life, it is necessary to determine the relationship between drought and groundwater levels. This paper related to a drop in groundwater levels in the plains of Kermanshah in a 13-year period (1998-2011) using data on precipitation and groundwater, and DIP and SPSS software has been examined. First by using SPI indices and other derived parameters such as the number of months in the face of drought and drought magnitude (DM), long-term drought conditions in the study area have been investigated. Then correlation coefficient between the time scales of SPI index of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 48 months with groundwater level with time lag 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 monthswere calculated, for the plain, And a time scale and the optimal time lag that highest correlation is introduced, then linear regression between groundwater level fluctuations on time scales of SPI Index and the optimal time delay is obtained for each region.

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Thermal Imaging system for Precise Traffic Control and Surveillance[ ]


Thermal imaging is a concurrent technology used in many applications like power line maintenance, surveillance and intelligent transportation systems. This paper focuses on traffic control and surveillance using thermal imaging cameras. With the combination of two powerful technologies- thermal imaging and image processing, a very accurate measure of traffic density has been achieved, unhindered by any environmental factors like low visibility due to fog or darkness, or other stray objects like animals or humans. The simulations of the gray scale thermal images captured are performed in Matlab, using which the exact count of vehicles on the road is obtained. This paper not only presents a novel method for speeding up traffic flow, but also overcomes the limitations of existing techniques like implementation costs and precision in determination of traffic density. Future research in the same direction consists of fire alarm and detection of accidents and explosives.

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Flow of Jeffrey Fluid through Narrow Tubes[ ]


The present paper deals with a two-fluid model for the flow of Jeffrey fluid in tubes of small diameters. It is assumed that the core region consists of Jeffrey fluid and Newtonian fluid in the peripheral region. Analytical expressions for velocity, effective viscosity, core hematocrit and mean hematocrit have been derived. The effects of various parameters, namely, Jeffrey parameter (?1), tube hematocrit (H0) and tube radius (a) on effective viscosity, core hematocrit and mean hematocrit have been studied. It is found that the effective viscosity decreases as the Jeffrey parameter increases but increases with tube hematocrit and tube radius. Further, the core hematocrit decreases with Jeffrey parameter, tube hematocrit and tube radius. It is also noticed that the flow exhibits the anomalous Fahraeus-Lindquist effect.

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A Review of Simulation Techniques as an Important Tool for Solving Complex Problems[ ]


The use of a simulation software allows us to perform studies of complicated systems whose analytic solution is not known or whose experiment cannot be performed in actual system. A simulated model has to be prepared describing the interaction between elements of the system. After preparing the model random number generation takes place. Simulated model is run with the help of random numbers. Simulation basically involves conducting experiments on the model of the system. With the help of simulation software like ARENA, AUTOCAST, SIMPY, ELMER etc. simulation becomes a vital tool for solving complex problems.

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Simulation of Haptic Feedback Useful in Laparoscopic Surgery[ ]


In this paper the technique for Simulation of Haptic feedback has been developed, which enhances the skill of Surgeon during Laparoscopic surgery. In simulation of haptic feedback H3DAPI is used to create 3D representation of human tissue, in which X3D is used to add physical properties and dimensions to tissue and laparoscopic tool (Stylus). Laparoscopic surgery simulation bridges the gap between training and performing the real time surgery. In this work, both haptic rendering and deformation modelling shows the critical areas of any surgical simulation. By adding sense of touch Haptic technology extensively increases the quality of interaction .The main objective of Simulation during laparoscopic surgery; Surgeon should able grasp tissue with less force and handling of soft tissue with laparoscopic stylus Result of this will help to reduce the pain of patient, shorter recovery time, less scarring. Result of deformation of tissue indicates that haptic feedback has been successfully simulated.

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Improved Protection In Video Steganography Using DCT & CDCS[ ]


The widespread of the internet and World Wide Web has changed the way digital data is handled. The easy access of images, musical documents and movies has modified the development of data hiding by placing emphasis on copyright protection, content based authentication and covert communication. The embedded data is invisible or inaudible to a human observer. Information hiding refers to techniques for embedding additional data in host media. Most of the previous research has focused on still image Information Hiding. Although Information hiding in video has more potential for commercial applications, less research has been conducted on high capacity data hiding in video streams. Compared with still images, data hiding in video presents a much higher capacity or bandwidth. At the same time the computational complexity in video is higher due to the amount of data that need to be processed. Although most known techniques for information hiding in video are robust, the extraction process is not blind. Consequently, these methods are not suitable for applications like those mentioned previously. Here blind data hiding technique tailored to AVI video streams is proposed. The main aim of the project is to provide software that usually works by sending a text message or by sending an image behind a video which makes unable for a human eye or ear to detect. A novel approach is proposed to high capacity, robust and blind Data Hiding Technique in DCT domain. A new encoding technique called Class Dependent Coding Scheme (CDCS) is used to increase the embedding capacity, which can convey the same information using less number of bits. High imperceptibility is achieved by selecting efficient DCT blocks for Embedding data using energy thresholding scheme. On review, of a digitized video before and after a message was inserted, will show video files that appeared to have no substantial differences. The Discrete Cosine Transform is used to embed the file, which casts embedded data into the selected region in the DCT domain. Embedding the file in the selected region gives rise to invisibility.

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Fuel Consumption & Air Pollution analysis by vehicles coming into MIT CAMPUS & Compare with DTI[ ]


Air pollution is the introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulates, or biological materials that cause discomfort, disease, or death to humans, damage other living organisms such as food crops, or damage the natural environment or built environment. The atmosphere is a complex dynamic natural gaseous system that is essential to support life on planet Earth. Mostly pollution known put something in the air and hurt it. So here will show some data and confirm how the impact effect of vehicle in environment, and directly polluted by huge ratio in the air approximately 1/3 known as transportation pollution. The second sector is consume of fuel by huge rate which economically not accepted beside that contribute in crowd traffic and more accident on highway and roads. The report aims to identify the necessity of understanding the impact of vehicular pollution on the environment. In order to bring the fuel consumption and emission levels to a minimum, various mitigation measures are to be implemented, which are also pointed out in the report.

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Status and Distribution Pattern of Native and Endemic Species in Uttarakhand Western Himalayan Region, India[ ]


Indian western Himalayan Region (IHR) Inhabitants are largely dependent on the biodiversity, which is one of the major source of livelihood. The relationship of the people with their immediate environs and natural resources has evolved over a long period based on necessities and experiences. The present study recorded in 119 species (27 Trees; 34 shrubs; 58 Herbs) were native to the Himalayan region, 30 species (12 Trees; 10 Shrubs; 8 Herbs) were native to the Himalayan region and other biogeographic regions, together whereas 628 species were non- natives representing various biogeographic provinces of the world. Amongst economically important species, 51 species were near endemic. The notable near endemic were Ainsliaea aptera, Bupleurum thompsonii, Begonia picta, Bauhinia retusa, Chaerophyllum villosum, Dipsacus inermis, Euonymus pendulus, Impatiens amphorata, Lonicera quinquelocularis, Osbeckia stellata, Pinus roxburghii, Rhaphidophora glauca, Swertia angustifolia, Tetrastigma bracteolatum, Ulmus wallichiana, Zingiber chrysanthum, etc. and only 2 species i.e, Pimpinella acuminata, and Pittosporum eriocarpum were endemic to the Indian Himalayan Region. Occurrence of 69 % non-native species in the study area itself indicates that non- native species are dominant over the native and endemic species. This may lead the extinction of the native and endemic species from the area and proliferation of more hardy non-native species. Therefore, there is a need to assess the populations of the native and endemic species using standard ecological methods.

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Taxonomic Inventory Of Grasses On The Basis Of Morphological Attributes From Thal Desert, Pakistan[ ]


Grasses constitute a natural homogenous group of plants belonging to the family Poaceae (Gramineae). Undoubtedly, Poaceae forms the most fascinating families of flowering plants, with a wide range of diversity and plays a significant role in the lives of human beings and animals. Thal Desert of Pakistan has rich diversity in grasses and various habitats are available for their growth, and these grasses are less exploited as far as taxonomy is concerned. In this study, morphological analysis of 29 grass species belonging to 10 different tribes was carried out. These Species were distinguished at tribe level and at individual level by apparent morphological features such as height, leaf blade appearance, inflorescence type, ligule, glumes, lemma, palea , number of awn extensions etc. Arundo donex belonging to tribe Arundineae has lacerate membranous ligule which is a unique characteristic from other members of same tribe. Tribe Aristideae members have trifid awn extension. Enneapogon shimpranus, member of tribe Pappophoreae has 9 awned lemma. These different morphological characteristics of grasses help in discriminating between closely resembling species of Poaceae and can be used in further taxonomic studies carried out on these species.

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Women education level and TFR in Uttar Pradesh.[ ]


In 1952, India was the first country in the world to launch family planning to the extent necessary for reducing birth rates “to stabilize the population at a level consistent with the requirement of national economy. In 1972, the goal of reaching crude birth rate (CBR) of 25 per1000 was set but this goal was not attained even by 2002.The National health policy 1983fixed the goal of replacement level of total fertility rate (TFR) by the year 2000.The new National population policy (NPP)-2000 declared and its document clearly fixed the goal of replacement level (TFR 2.1) before the 2010 deadline for the country. According to a recently-released health ministry report, only, 11states and three union territories have attained the goal of replacement level (TFR 2.1) before the 2010 deadline. Mr Srinivasan, put it as “a saga of great expectations and poor performance”. On May 2000 India was projected to have1billion (100 crore) people i.e.16% of world’s population on 2.4% of global land area. As per 2001 census, population of India was enumerated 1027 million on 31st march 2001, and country was observed in the middle of demographic transition. A lag in decline in fertility in relation to mortality has resulted in the sizeable growth of India’s population so for which will continue in the coming several decades. If current trend is continued, India may overtake China in 2045 to the most populous country of the world. India’s current annual increase in population of 15.5 million is large enough to neutralize efforts to conserve the resource endowment and environment.

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Analytical study of performance variations of fiber optic micro-displacement sensor configurations using mathematical modeling and an experimental test jig[ ]


Optical fiber sensors are studied and fabricated for number of industrial applications. It has certain advantages such as light weight, low cost etc. Number of configurations is considered depending upon the need of applications. These configurations are modeled mathematically and analyzed for studying their performance. It is observed that modeling is done for specific geometry of the configuration. These models signify the ideal behavior of the configuration of sensor system. Practically there are always some tolerances associated with the sensor system. Hence it is necessary to develop a flexible mathematical model considering the practical scenarios. A mathematical model which is used to represent all possible configurations of fiber optic micro displacement sensor is proposed. The model is developed using ray trace technique in MATLAB. Some identified configurations are simulated using this model and it is validated using the developed test jig. Simulated results show good agreement with the experimental results obtained using test jig. The fiber optic sensor configurations tested are extendable to other practical physical and chemical sensing applications.

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Effect of Phase Transformation and Tin Addition on the Creep Characteristics of Al-Ag Alloy[ ]


Wire samples of both Al- 2wt% Ag and Al- 2wt% Ag- 1wt% Sn alloys were prepared by normal casting technique from highly pure elements. Creep measurements were carried out under the applied stresses, 116.77, 119.27 and 121.76 MPa, for samples aged for 2 hours in the temperature range, 513- 563 K. Increasing the applied stress and/or the aging temperature and irregular order in the creep curves at 543K were showed itself as a drop in the measured values of the creep parameters. The stress sensitivity parameter, m and the activation volume, V, at the transformation temperature, 543K, which is above all of them increased again. All the obtained data show that the ternary alloy, containing Sn, is softer than the binary alloy. Sn addition improved the tensile ductility of the alloy under the testing conditions. The activation energy values (in kJ.mol-1) before and after transition were measured. The microstructure of the samples was obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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In Campus Mobility Analysis for MANET by using Simulation technique and Live Test Bed[ ]


now a day’s most widely used and vastly developing technology is mobile communication. Mobility is one of the biggest issues for its future development. A mobility is fully depends on movement of mobile nodes is terms of different environment. Lots of development already took pleased in mobile technology, but more needs to improve. It is important to analysis the performance of mobile network with different topology and protocol in a various scenario model. In this paper we will discuss about the human mobility in a campus environment and behavior pattern in terms of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) protocol in live test bed as well as simulation theory.

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Access Control of Door and Home Security By Raspberry Pi Through Internet[ ]


In the present age Internet of things (IOT) has enterned a golden era of rapid growth. The Internet of things is a concept that aims to extend the benefits of the regular Internet—constant connectivity, remote control ability, data sharing, and so on—to goods in the physical world. Everyday things are getting connected with the internet. This concept can be used tomanage the security concerned issues in a cost effective way. In ths paper work a system is being developed to connect any door with the internet, so that the access control system can be controlled from any where in the world. In a case that one is not at home and a vistor is at his door steps then the authorized person will be notified about the visitor via twitter and the person can see the visitor from the web through the camera from any where and the system will take a picture of the visitor and keep a record by sending an attachment through E-mail or tweet in twitter. If the authorized person wants to give a message the visitor it can be sent easily through the internet and it will appear in a screen on the front face of the door. The door lock can be controlled through the internet. With the help of this system an evidence of the visitor can be kept as a record if any emergency case or situtaion occurs.

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Voltage Instability Prediction Using Artificial Immunity System[ ]


A newly developed technique for Artificial Immunity System (AIS) based voltage instability detection during transient period is presented in this paper. The AIS technique is developed to predict the system behavior and determine voltage instability occurrence. The voltage instability is analyzed and studied using the concept of Wide Area Measurement Protection And Control (WAMPAC). The concept of WAMPAC provides better chances for protecting the system against faults. It gives the opportunity of having various amount of information from different locations. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) plays an important role as part of WAMPAC system. It helps in predicting voltage instability of synchronous generators. A developed Artificial Immunity System (AIS) is designed and tested to predict system voltage instability. The work is progressed through three main stages. First stage is the electrical system simulation and execution utilizing Power System Analysis Framework (PSAF) program. Different types of faults in different location are applied to the system. Second stage is the data handling and processing unit.The generators' bus voltage magnitudes and angles are handled and processed. Finally AIS technique is developed to differentiate between voltage instability and normal cases.The AIS technique is programmed using MATLAB. The newly developed approach generates a defense strategy which answers the following inquiries: a- detecting abnormal condition, b- reporting System Protection Center (SPC).The proposed system is applied to the IEEE 14 - bus system. It produces good results in mitigating voltage instabilities of power system.

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The Efficient Prevention of Wormhole Attack in AODV Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks[ ]


Wireless sensors networks (WSNs) consist of a large number of tiny, spatially distributed, and autonomous devices, called sensor nodes. The latter are equipped with sensing, computation, and wireless communications capabilities, and have very limited resources. Wireless sensor networks have been widely used in remote areas, military scenarios, sensing motion applications, agriculture solutions and natural disaster hitted areas. Interest in the area of Wireless sensor networks is growing since last few years because of its practical applications. These networks are equipped with large number of sensors, which are spatially distributed. Wireless sensor networks are widely used in remote areas, defense and military scenarios. Hence, their security is critical issue. They are more vulnerable to attacks than wired networks. Wireless sensor networks suffer from various active and passive attacks. One of such type of attack is Wormhole attack. In this, pair of nodes creates a virtual tunnel in the network. The malicious node at one end, capture the packets and tunnel them to another malicious node. Wormhole is a severe attack which can affect the route discovery process of the network. In this paper, we propose a solution to the wormhole attack in one of the most prominent AODV (ad-hoc on demand distance vector) routing protocol. The proposed method works for the detection and prevention of the wormhole attack in sensor networks. In the proposed method, a sensor can detect the fake neighbors which are caused by wormhole through the neighbor discovery process, and then a Manhattan Distance algorithm is used to detect and prevent wormhole attack according to the neighbor information and the broadcasting nature for distinct and reliable communication. Manhattan algorithm makes the broadcasting and packet forwarding more reliable and secure and furthermore prevents the simulation from any malicious attack. The proposed method reduces the delay in the network to a considerable extent thereby enhancing the performance.

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Dual Feed Short Circuited Rectangular Microstrip Antenna for GSM,WLAN & C BAND Applications[ ]


Three short circuited microstrip patch antenna structure with dual feed has been proposed with conical via. The design is based on rectangular hole structure with conical via loading and slit loading technique. The simulation is based on method of moment method, using IE3D software. It is also observed that by cutting slits of different areas, the resonating frequencies are getting changed along with bandwidth and return loss. This antenna can operate at GSM frequency, WLAN and also this antenna can be applied for C Band applications. A dual feed wideband microstrip antenna has been proposed. The design is based on dual feed technique. In this paper, the two patches at the either side acts as resistive elements to the main patch in the middle. We have observed that least the area of flowing of the current through the patch, better the wideband.

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UHF (700 MHz) Spectrum Band Occupancy Measurements, Analysis and Considerations for Deployment of Long Term Evolution (LTE) Deployment in Kenya[ ]


This article covers spectrum occupancy measurements in 700 MHz frequency band. The data collected is presented in a plot and frequency band occupancy is calculated in percentage. Analysis of the measurement results indicate that 700 MHz band is hugely underutilized in Kenya. Further analysis in comparison with other developments across the world indicates that this band can be used for LTE deployment both as LTE on TVWS and as a UHF digital dividend. Some of the challenges that can be faced while using this band have been highlighted together with the benefits that will be realized. Further research areas on this subject have been suggested.

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How to avoid false negative results in transgenic selection[ ]


Quality of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds deteriorates during prolonged storage, resulting in a low percentage of germinating seeds. The screening of older seed collections is therefore notoriously difficult. During screening of an older seed library in C24 background we observed both reduced germination frequency and a post-germination growth arrest that may represent a serious problem if unnoticed. The seedlings exhibiting post-germination growth arrest were detected both in wild-type and transgenic lines, and were not caused by silencing of the nptII gene. These seedlings resembled kanamycin-sensitive ones and thus interfered with the kanamycin selection. This severely impaired segregation experiments in transgenic lines. Although the post-germination growth arrest occurred as a probable consequence of prolonged or suboptimal seed storage, using sucrose containing growth medium could successfully prevent it. Addition of sucrose in solid medium is therefore highly recommended for germination of older seed batches and is vital for accurate kanamycin selection of A. thaliana seeds. Apart from sucrose we tested the influence of MES buffer and MS salts on post-germination growth arrest and efficiency of kanamycin selection in C24 and Landsberg erecta (Ler) ecotypes.

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Zero Valent Iron (ZVI) nanocomposite for the removal of hexavalent chromium from aqueous solution [ ]


A new class of nano scale zero valent iron (nZVI) particles supported on activated carbon (AC) were synthesized and the feasibility of using nanocomposite (AC+nZVI) for the removal of Cr(VI) in water was investigated through laboratory batch test. Nanocomposite was synthesized by impregnating carbon with ferrous sulfate followed by chemical reduction with NaBH4. The XRD and SEM examinations applied for determination of particle size and characterization of produced nanoparticles. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effects of initial Cr(VI) concentration, nanocomposite concentration, pH of solution and contact time variation on the removal efficiency of Cr(VI). The chromium removal efficiency was found to be increased with decrease in initial pH of solution and increased with nanocomposite dosage and contact time. Nanocomposite presented an outstanding ability to remove Cr(VI) due to large surface area, low particle size and high surface activity. The iron nanoparticle technology may thus offer an economically and environmentally sustainable and unique solution to one of the most vexing environmental problems.

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A New Non Conventional Energy Sources Fed Hdgs[ ]


A combination of PV and FC sources forms a good pair with promising features for HDGS applications. A new, hybrid integrated topology, fed by photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell (FC) sources and suitable for distributed generation applications, is proposed. It works as an uninterruptible power source that is able to feed a certain minimum amount of power into the grid under all conditions. PV is used as the primary source of power operating near maximum power point (MPP), with the FC section (block), acting as a current source, feeding only the deficit power.

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PC Based Wireless Control Of Toy Car[ ]


The Objective of the project is to construct a motor toy car that has the ability to capture the control signals transmitted by a PC’s serial ports in order to propel itself to the intended direction. It was planned that the toy car shall be a four-wheeled device, the rotation of the wheels of which is controlled by the signals transmitted wirelessly in the desired direction where the each of the control signals is fed from the keyboard. The core of the assembly, which will control and co-ordinate the rotation of the wheels is a microcontroller chip named P89V51RD2.

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An alternative technique to thwart multiplicity attack in Denning-Sacco protocol using timestamps[ ]


Cryptographic protocols are used to encrypt information and thus securing them while they are being transferred from one host to another. However to understand information they need to be decrypted. Decryption process needs a key by which sender earlier encrypted information. So, the exchange of this key is very crucial to security of communication session. One of protocol which facilitates secure key exchange is Denning-Sacco protocol. The original Denning-Sacco protocol however is vulnerable to multiplicity There is an existing method which solves this problem with use of nonce. In this paper we present an alternative technique to solve the problem without using nonce and thus reducing number of steps of algorithm resulting in faster execution of algorithm.

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Fusion Based Mining Incorporation In Brain Mapping[ ]


A human brain is a complex organ with unimaginable convolutions consisting of 86 billion neurons. In which identifying a brain related physiological problem is a challenging task. It can be done through functional MRI (fMRI). It is very difficult to extract the exact information needed for a neurological disorder from fMRI because it involves combined work of multiple organs in a human body that resides under the control of different parts of the brain. The brain mapping plays important role in mapping the neurons that are responsible for such problem. The neuron concentration helps to locate the functional activities in the human body that is responsible for inexpressive pain the patient is experiencing in his medical situation and also assist the physiotherapist to take significant level of diagnosis. This paper focuses on Fusion technique that combines graph mining and data mining in mapping process and also helps in understanding the brain mapping strategy. The sample data is used in this paper for clear understanding of the proposed approach.

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A Breif Survay On Datamining For Biological And Enviornmental Problems[ ]


In the past, many researchers used data mining techniques in any area. A lot of amounts of data have been collected from scientific domains such as geo sciences, astronomy, meteorology, geology and biological sciences. Data mining techniques and tools used by researchers in biological and environmental problems also. In biological science data mining used in sequences alignment is based on the fact that all living organisms are related by evolution and in environmental science data mining used in predicting data such as earthquakes and landslide etc. This paper highlights on the wide survey of protein sequences, (DNA, RNA) sequences, cancer prediction, relational and semantic data mining for biomedical research area. Health care data, multiagent framework for bio data mining, predicting earthquakes, landslide and spatial data in distributed data mining algorithms and tools. This is including in bioinformatics and environmental studies also.

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Building Data Warehouse for Diseases Registry: First step for Clinical Data Warehouse.[ ]


Almost all the Decision Makers in medical path need a good platform which providing analytical results to use themin order to support their decisions.Due to vast amount of patient's records in Electronic Health Record(EHR) rather than Electronic Medical Records(EMR),Medical data can be used to get valuable information to support decisions of specialists in clinical path.Clinicaldata warehouse can combine different sources of clinicaldata into single repository and use it to produce analytical information to support decisions. Since Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) can be used in analyzing data and find the relationship between many factors and provide good view of data from many points of view so using data warehousing and OLAP techniques is the good choice for helping professionals and analysts in finding their goals.We will use diseases registry data (Part from EMR) to design and implement data warehouse as the first step that could be used later by OLAP or Data Mining to support Clinical Decisions. In this work we combined different sources of diseases registry dataintosingle repository.

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Vulnerable Condition Of Women In South 24 Parganas District, West Bengal[ ]


This article provides an overall picture of crimes committed against women in the district of South 24 parganas, West Bengal. The rate of crime against women is quite startling in South 24 Parganas district in comparison to other districts of West Bengal. The paper intends to reveal the impact of illiteracy, poverty and societal customs upon the increasing rate of crimes against women in this district. By using official crime data, we analyzed general crime trend and characteristics of crimes and also highlighted the crime control practices. The seriousness of crime problems in South 24 Parganas is also examined from a comparative perspective by engaging in a inter district comparison. The findings of the paper indicate that crime against women in South 24 Parganas is present in various forms and the preventive measures of crimes are not satisfactory.

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Analytical Approach for Dot Reproduction[ ]


This document gives information about Dot reproduction, Dot gain, factors affecting dot gain, calculation of dot gain measurement and control over dot gain in different controlling parameters

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