RICET- 2020: RECENT INNOVATIONS IN CIVIL ENGG &TECHNOLOGY

"RICET- 2020 Conference Papers "

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Strengthening of structural elements using Geo Grid [ ]


The aim of the present study is to find the effect of using geo-grids on various places in reinforced concrete beams. The use of geogrid in concrete setup a new dimension for employing a geo synthetics in structural engineering. The purpose of examining the behaviour of geo-grids in structural members gives opportunity to observe benefit and feasibility of using geogrid in various points of RCC beams. These materials have characteristics such as increased ductility and low weight to reduce inertial forces as well as reduce cost. Different studies have been performed to obtain new solutions for the construction industry, which has shown increasing interest in geo-grids. Recently the Flexural behaviour of different types of Geo-grids with Concrete structural members were studied and reported that all types of Geo-grids reinforcements provide a ductile post cracking behaviour, high fracture energy and flexural strength. Hence the geo grid are examined in recent research studies. By that way geo-grid are to be test by placing at various positions a different spacing in RCC beam and it is compared with the conventional concrete beams. In this study one control beam and three biaxial geogrid beams are tested to check whether geogrid can be used in addition or alternate to steel in structural member. Geo grids are placed in addition to stirrups and the results are formulated.

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Experimental Study On Permeable Concrete By Using Glass As Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate[ ]


Water is one of the most important componentsof human life. As the usage of water increases, the production of water by the nature should also be increased. But, in the modern world people goes on occupying the empty lands and using the forest land for building construction which results in deforestation. Due to this reason the climatic conditions have changed very much resulting in uneven rainfall which produces an adverse effect on human life. Now-a-days we rarely get rainfall causing water scarcity and over rainfall causing floods. Floods are occurring because rainwater do not have path to enter into the soil strata resulting in stagnant of water on the surface.The purpose of our project is to provide a permeable concrete system which is required to overcome above mentioned problems. The main objective is to find the strength and permeability of concrete which are suitable for our climatic condition which is capable of allowing water to enter into the soil strata. Our project is used to reduce the possibility of floods thereby, increasing the underground water table.

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Experimental Study On Bio-Coagulants For Treating The Polluted Groundwater By Using Jar Test Apparatus In Vellalore Dumping Area[ ]


Groundwater, which is in aquifiers below the surface of the earth, one of the Nation’s most important natural resources. Groundwater is the source of about 37% of the water that the country and city water departments supply to households and businesses. It supplies drinking water for more than 90% of the rural population. Most of the wastes from households and industries of the Coimbatore city is dumped in the Vellalore dumping yard. Due to this, the groundwater gets polluted in that area. The groundwater from that area cannot be used for domestic or drinking purposes. In order to overcome this problem, many treatment methods are available. In this present study, we have assessed the groundwater characteristics and treated it by using natural coagulants. The bio-coagulants used are Artocarpus heterophyllus (Jackfruit peel), Momordica charantia (Bitter gourd seed), Musa paradisiaca (Banana flower leaf), Cynodon dactylon (Scutch grass). These bio coagulants are effective in removing the turbidity content and maintaining the pH of the water. These natural coagulants are also found to reduce the BOD, COD, Salt content. By removing and reducing all these contaminants we can utilize the treated groundwater for domestic purposes. It is found to be a cost-effective method

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An Experimental Study Of Effluents From Textile Industry & Its Effects On Soil Quality In Tirupur Area[ ]


Soil is the most important constituent for the fulfillment of all the basics needs of human beings. Soil is a mixture of organic matter, minerals, gases, liquids, and organisms that together support life. Due to rapid industrialization and urbanization the soil quality is getting affected. A fast growing industry is the textile industry. Development of textile industry and the disposal of effluents into the main cause for degradation of soil. The textile effluents contains impurities like alkalies, residual dies, starches cellulose, soluble salts mainly sodium and calcium, silicate, oil and other impurities. The chemicals affect the farming area near to the depositions site. In this project we are testing and analyzing the, Nutrients required for plant growth, Physico-chemical properties of the degraded soil collected from various distances from the deposition site in Tirupur area and have analyzed whether there is possibility of increasing plant growth in the degraded soil collected in the site by applying natural manures, reducing concentration of chemical level etc.,

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Experimental Study On Concrete Using E-Waste [ ]


Concrete is the most important component used in the construction industry throughout the work. The present work is directed towards developing a better understanding on strength characteristics of concrete using electronic waste (E-waste) powder as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. This work is carried out with M25 grade concrete for which the E-waste powder is replaced by 0%, 5%, and 10% by weight of fine aggregate. The cubes were casted for various percentages for 7 days, 14days and 28days.And conventional specimens are also prepared for M25 grade concrete without using E-waste powder. For all the mixes compressive, flexural and split tensile strength are determined at different days of curing. By conducting test for both specimens, which shows the E-waste gives good compressive strength of concrete, When compared to conventional concrete. The reuse of E-waste results in reduction of waste.

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Production Of Bio Fertilizer From Tuber Crops Waste - An Review[ ]


Biofertilizers are the product of fermentation process, constituting efficient living soil microorganisms. They improve plant growth and productivity through supply of easily utilizable nutrients. They are cost-effective and eco-friendly bioinoculants having great potential to enhance agricultural production in sustainable way. Biofertilizers are grouped into different types based on their functions such as nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, phosphate mobilizing, and other plant growth-promoting biofertilizers promoting plant growth by different mechanisms. Agricultural products such as tuber crops produce huge amounts of waste when processed into consumable goods. The waste generated is generally considered to contribute largely to environmental pollution. Tuber crop wastes can be processed and converted into value-added components such as fertilizer, methane (biogas), pig meat, ethanol, and surfactant etc. The study therefore recommends the proper waste management of tuber crops waste to minimize environmental pollution

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Mapping Of Groundwater Potential Zones In Pulampatti Watershed, Dharmapuri District - A Geospatial Approach[ ]


The estimation of groundwater resources for the district has shown that under over exploited category. Hence, there is a need for demarcation of potential groundwater zones. The present study deals with the utilization of GIS based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) technique for identification of the groundwater potential zones in Pulampatti watershed, Dharmapuri district. Various thematic layers that influence the groundwater occurrence in an area are lithology, geomorphology, lineaments density, drainage density, slope, landuse/land cover, soil, and elevation. All these themes and their individual features are then assigned weights according to their relative importance in groundwater occurrence and the corresponding normalized weights were obtained based on the analytical hierarchy process. Finally, all the thematic layers were integrated using weighted overlay analysis in GIS environment to generate a groundwater potential map of the study area, viz., good, moderate and poor. It has been concluded that about 629.79 km2 area has good groundwater potential which is 37.20% of the total study area. However, the area having moderate and poor groundwater potential is about 58.33 km2 and 1005.02 km2 respectively. Finally, the groundwater potential map was verified using the well yield data of 39 pumping wells with average potential yield value of ≥44 m3/h, and the result was found satisfactory. The produced groundwater potential map could be used to formulate an efficient groundwater management plan for the study area so as to ensure sustainable utilization of scarce groundwater resources.

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Water Quality Assessment In 4 Different Taluks Of Salem District[ ]


Ground water is one of the most important fresh water resources available for human community. Early people recognized the importance of water from a quality and quantity point of view.The main objective of this report isunder ground water research, In this project work we have estimated the quality of water samples of bore well, were collected from different taluks in salem city and they are (Salem, Edappadi, Attur and Gengavalli). The collecting of underground water samples and subjecting the samples to a characteristics of physicochemical analysis such as pH, total hardness,calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate, sulphate, alkalinity and total dissolved solids. In generally, the waters are available from various sources is contaminated with various impurities which need to be removed before it can be supplied to the public.

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Effect Of Recycled Coarse Aggregate On Geopolymer Concrete[ ]


India is one of the develop countries that need to face environmental pollution. Have many ways to reduce environmental pollution that causes by production of Portland cement and cause by the increasing of waste material. Worldwide consumption of concrete amounts to more than 1000 Kgs/person. Geopolymer concrete incorporating with recycle concrete aggregate (RCA) is one of the method. Alkaline liquid as a binder are being used to replace the Portland cement to produce geopolymer concrete. The alkaline liquid that been used in geopolymerisation is the combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium silicate (Na2SiO3).Geopolymer is an inorganic alumino-silicate polymer synthesized from predominantly silicon (Si) and aluminium (Al) materials of geological origin or by-product materials such as fly ash. modified concrete is prepared by replacing coarse aggregates in concrete with recycled aggregates by variations for partially replaced 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Cubes and cylinder for each percentage of replacement are casted and tested after 7 days, and 28th days of curing.

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A Study On Properties Of Foamed Concrete With Fly Ash And Marble Sludge Powder [ ]


Foam concrete is a type of lightweight concrete.It is non-load bearing structural element which has lower strength than conventional concrete. This study is comparative experimental on foam concrete by using fly ash and marble sludge powder under compression and split tensile loading.This paper which based on the foam concrete properties and preparation process analyses the test results of foamed concrete.The cube compressive strength and cylinder split tensile strength of conventional concrete and foam concrete were determined in the laboratory. The M20grade of concrete mix and fly ash and MSP at volume fraction of various proportions and adding Foaming agent were used in the research.

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Fatigue Analysis On Glass Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete [ ]


Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) is able to flow under its own weight and completely fill the formwork, even in the presence of congested reinforcement, without any compaction, while maintaining homogeneity of the concrete. Compaction is difficult to be done in conditions where there are dense reinforcement and large casting area. Usage of SCC will overcome the difficult casting conditions and reduce manpower required. Addition of fibers will enhance the tensile and ductile behavior of concrete with brittle nature. SCC was added with relatively short, discrete, and discontinuous glass fibers to produce Glass Fiber Reinforced Self Compacting Concrete (GFRSCC). The purpose of this study is to investigate the workability and mechanical properties of plain SCC and GFRSCC. The laboratory testing included slump flow test, L-Box test, V box test compressive strength test.The dosage of super plasticizer required increased as fiber content increased. There has been a lack of studies for productivity improvement in the construction industry. A review of literature was done where an inventory of productivity related factors were found and interpolated. A survey of construction practitioners was conducted to rank and determine the degree of influence of various factors on construction productivity. We have selected the major factors such as Material, Labor and accessed it both quantitatively and qualitatively for a real time construction project. The results enhanced profit and productivity.

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Partial Replacement of Rubberized Material as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete[ ]


Concrete is one the most extensively used construction material all over the world. Many scientists and researchers are in quest for developing alternate construction material that are environment friendly and contribute towards sustainable development. Huge amount of rubber tyres waste is being generated day by day, which creates the disposal problem and has many environmental issues. In present study an attempt is made to partially replace the rubber aggregates as coarse aggregates in concrete.A modified concrete is prepared by replacing coarse aggregates in concrete with rubber aggregates by varying the replacement proportion of 20% and 25%. cubes and cylinder for each percentage of replacement are casted and tested after 7 days, and 28th days of curing.

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Experimental study on concrete in partial replacement of fine aggregate with lathe waste[ ]


Concrete bring the most important and widely used material is called upon to possess very high strength and sufficient workability properties. Today the construction industry is in need of finding cost efficient material for increasing the strength of concrete structure. Great quantities of steel waste are generated from industries related to lathe. Steel waste is replacement level of 0%, 3%, 6% and 9% the concrete specimen (cube, cylinder and beam) produced were cured in water for 7, 28 days. Material study and the Mix proportions are calculated for M25 grade of concrete. The water cement ratio is 0.40.From the experimental studies it has observed that the optimum percentage of lathe waste for high strength concrete.In the present experimental investigation an attempt from the lathe machine is used as a lathe waste in cement concrete for various construction works and to optimize fiber content. The outcome of this project shall be useful for various industries and workshop generating steel scrap from lathe machine

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An Experimental study on partial replacement of Clay bricks with M-sand Residue [ ]


Due to increasing population the building materials used in conventional period is depleting, so the civil engineers are the situation to use the waste material effectively in construction works without compromising the quality of the material. This strategy will also help to reduce the effects taking in disposal of waste materials. Bricks are one of the important building material used in construction but due to its non- availability of resource and its increased self-weight in the structure hollow blocks and solid blocks replace it. In this paper, the main material clay in conventional brick is partially replaced with different proportion of m-sand residues of percentage 5-50% effectively. Bricks are moulded with hand and dry it in open atmosphere for 10 days and burnt the bricks about 1100°C to find the mechanical and physical properties. For each combination 10 samples of bricks were casted for accuracy in result. Compression test, Density test, Thermal-effect test and water absorption test were conducted and the results are reviewed with conventional property of brick. In this research, the m-sand residues with 30% m-sand residues gives optimum result with lower water absorption capacity

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Foam Concrete Brick- An Experimental study [ ]


This project deals with effective utilization of Marble dust from Marble manufacturing unit for economic, environmental and technical aspects. In this paper, a comparative study is done to study the properties of normal foam bricks (made using cement, M-Sand, and foaming agent) and Marble dust foam bricks (made using cement, Marble dust and foaming agent). To make the bricks of light weight for ease of lifting and handling, foaming agent is introduced. Trial bricks of size 230x115x75 mm were tested with different proportions of cement and Marble dust such as 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. Various tests like Compressive strength test, Water absorption test, Thermal resistance test, Thermoshock test were conducted on these brick specimens as per Indian Standards.

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Experimental study of Pervious (No Fine) Concrete[ ]


Pervious concrete is a composite fabric which consists of cement, Coarse aggregate and water.This paper discusses the combos of pervious concrete with diverse substances like Polypropylene fiber and SuperPlasticizer.Various tests like compressive strength, Flexural strength and Split Tensile strength tests are executed to observe the strength traits of Pervious concrete.The strength of the mixes like plain pervious concrete, mix with polypropylene fiber and concrete mix with both Polypropylene and SuperPlasticizer are in comparison.The result shows that there is a widespread increase in the strength of the Pervious concrete while Polypropylene Fiber and SuperPlasticizer are added to it while as compared to normal Pervious concrete.

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Wood Waste In Concrete Blocks[ ]


This paper experimentally investigates the potential use of poplar sawdust as replacement material to sand in semi-dry concrete, manufactured and used in concrete masonry blocks. The substitution of sand by wood waste can relieve the scarcity of raw materials and lighten concrete masonry block weight. The introduction of a varying proportion (30, 40, 50 and 60 %) of poplar sawdust in the concrete has a significant influence on its thermophysical and mechanical behavior. The inhibition of hydration of cement with this poplar sawdust has a main influence. It affects the hydrates formed in the concrete and has an impact on the compressive strength at 7 days. This strength decreases significantly with increasing poplar sawdust proportion. But the method of concrete manufacturing increases the strength and could decrease the inhibitory effect of wood on the hydration reaction of the concrete. Substitution of 50 % of sand by poplar sawdust in the masonry concrete block manufactured is proposed. Indeed, this concrete composition gives similar mechanical strength to that of the conventional manufacture of masonry concrete block

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Performance Analysis Of Self Curing Concrete Using Polymer[ ]


Concrete is a composite material composed of fine and coarse aggregate bonded together with fluid cement that hardens over time. Curing of concrete is the one of the most important activities required to be taken in the process of construction. The curing plays a very significant role in concrete performance There should be sufficient water available in concrete so that the chemical reaction take place between water and cement called “HYDRATION” It will increases temperature inside the concrete and concrete become dry. The object of curing is controlling the temperature inside the concrete. Lack of availability of good water has forced to determine alternative method like self-curing Technology

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Experimental Investigation On Light Weight Concrete By Using Perlite And Glassfibre[ ]


The paper presents an Experimental investigation on light weight concrete by using perlite and grassfibre in this day to increasing importance of concrete consumption some researches have been done about lightweight concrete with perlite in order to prevent from damage of seismic earth quake loads.In this project perlite and glass fiber is used for strength and bonded together with fluid cement.30% of perlite is used for replacing of aggregate, 0.4%,0.6%,0.8% glassfibre was added to the percentage of cement, to reduce the dead weight and to increase the strength of the concrete.The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative amount with the objective of producing a concrete of required strength ,durability in an economical way . Cubes were casted with W/C ratio of 0.45 by considering the replacement of perlite in 30 % and for additional strength properties glass fiber are been used . The cubes are tested for 7 days ,14 days and 28 days to study their strength performance.

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Seismic Behaviour Of Reinforced Concrete Bridge And Control Measures For Seismic Pounding[ ]


India has had a variety of the world’s greatest earthquakes within the last century. In fact, quite one half area within the country is taken into account vulnerable to damaging earthquakes. The seismic building design code in India (IS 1893, Part-I) is additionally revised in 2002. The magnitudes of the look seismic forces are considerably enhanced generally, and also the seismic zonation of some regions has also been upgraded. There are many literature (e.g., IITM-SERC Manual, 2005) available that presents step-by-step procedures to gauge multi-storeyed buildings. The attention for existing bridges is relatively less. However, bridges are important components of transportation network in any country. The bridge design codes, in India, don’t have any seismic design provision at this time. A outsized number of bridges are designed and constructed without considering seismic forces. Therefore, it is important to gauge the capacity of existing bridges against seismic force demand. There are presently no comprehensive guidelines to help the practicing structural engineer to gauge existing bridges and suggest design and retrofit schemes. So as handle this this problem, this work aims to hold out a seismic evaluation case study for an existing RC bridge using nonlinear static (pushover) analysis. Nonlinear static (pushover) analysis as per FEMA 356 isn’t compatible for bridge structures. So, within the present study an improved pushover analysis is additionally won’t to verify the results.

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Improving The Strength Of Concrete By Partial Replacement Of Cement By Marble Powder & Sand With Glass Powder[ ]


Marble-glass powder concrete is the type of concrete that is made by partial replacement of cement with marble and sand with glass powder. One of the greatest environmental concerns in construction industry is the production of cement which emits large amount of CO2 gas to the atmosphere. It is estimated that 1 tone clinker production releases 1 tone CO2. Mixing of clinker to supplementary materials called blending is considered as a very effective way to reduce CO2 emission. It is estimated that the Rajasthan Marble Processing Enterprise produces 1800m3 (4500 tons) marble waste annually, which implies that using marble waste of The Rajasthan Marble processing enterprise as cement replacing material can indirectly reduce CO2emission to the atmosphere by 4500 tons annually. Recycling marble waste powder in substitution of sand also indirectly can reduce environmental problem related with sand production. The design of concrete (M20) was done with locally available materials. Cement was replaced with replacements levels of cement (0%, 10%, and 20%).

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Experimental Study On Fracture Mechanics Of Concrete[ ]


The paper presents an Experimental study on fracture mechanics of concrete . The behavior of concrete beams subjected to shear and slabs subjected to punching are illustrating examples, especially when size effects are concerned. According to literature review micro cracks become stable first, and after evenly become unstable due to maximum principle compressive stress .here according to analysis of cracking technology there are two types of approach .i.e. realistic and consistent. We have studied about finite non linear zone where material undergoes progressive micro cracking .and another one is crack band theory where size effect as a gradual transition (linear fracture mechanism). It based on crack band theory . here in our project we use chips of 10mm aggregate, 20 mm aggregate, the present paper is to show some experimental result concerning the influence of the specimen size by means of compact tension test the strain softening diagram was also analyzed and the possible mechanism of size effect on fracture energy of concrete is discussed. The cube is tested and crack length is identified and found that the propagation of crack assurance in 10mm aggregate is less than 20 mm aggregate.

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Experimental Study Of Polycarbonate In Slab[ ]


Past three decades, the researchers gave much attention to seismicity and the usage of composite materials as the replacement of constituent materials in concrete. A composite material can be defined as a combination of a matrix and a reinforcement, which when combined gives properties superior to the properties of the individual components. The most Common types of composites are Polymer matrix composites, Metal matrix composites, Ceramic matrix composites.

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Experimental Investigation Of Slab By Testing On Static Loading And Dynamic Loading[ ]


Past three decades, The researches gave much attention to seismicity and the usage of composite materials as the replacement of constituent materials in concrete. The most Common types of composites are Polymer matrix composites, Metal matrix composites, Ceramic matrix composites.

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Experimental Investigation Of Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joint Using Basalt Fibers[ ]


A beam column joint is the blend of concrete and steel that gives strength and rigidity to the member. This particular project deals with the analytical and experimental investigation of a beam column joint. In order to enhance the strength and ductility strength of concrete and to reduce the damage of structures, basalt fibre is added to the concrete. In this paper, the comparisons will be made between the conventional beam column joint and beam column joint with basalt fibre which results in high strength and to resist the joint failure when cyclic load is applied to the specimens. The specimen’s cross section 200×150 mm with column height 1000mm. In this experimental analysis, the strength is augmented so that the performance can considering strength, stiffness and ductility factor. The addition of basalt fiber to concrete prevents the brittle failure of the joint. Volume fraction of fibres used in this study varies from 0 to 1.25%. The results were compared with various plots like hysteresis curve, stiffness and ductility. The observed Performances of fibre specimens in term of all the above parameters are better than the conventional beam column joint.

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Experimental analysis of sheet glass powder in partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete[ ]


Waste management is becoming major problem for developing countries nowadays. In order to reduce the solid waste, we have planned to take one waste to use in manufacturing of concrete. Broken glass pieces is made as powder and used as a partial replacement for fine aggregate i.e.5%, 10%, and 15% for natural sand in concrete. Admixtures are used to reduce the water cement ratio in order to gain more strength in the high performance concrete. The water absorption properties of glass powder are very less compared to that of natural sand. Since the solid waste (glass) is used in the manufacturing concrete the cost is required only for crushing the waste glass therefore the overall cost can also be reduced. Compressive strength of cube at 7, 14, 28 days of duration and flexural strength at 28days were studied and compared with conventional concrete. Physical properties like fineness modulus, specific gravity, moisture, water absorption were studied and compared with conventional concrete mix. Based on the test results, the 15% replacement shows better results compared to conventional concrete.

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Transparent Concrete As A Green Material For Building[ ]


In this paper represents transparent concrete as the smart and green building material with increased strength good aesthetic appearance and also having the light transmitting property. Light Transmitting concrete, also known as translucent concrete. It is the brightest building material development in recent years. It is one of the newest, most functional and revolutionary element in green construction material. In this paper the manufacturing, uses and future scope of transparent concrete is widely given. However, this innovative new material, while still partially in the development stages, is beginning to be used in a variety of applications in architecture, and promises vast opportunities in the future. The function of this invention is to change the traditional image of concrete and add a modern architectural touch. While its main purpose is to use sunlight as a source of light in order to reduce lighting energy consumption, LTC can be used for a diverse range of applications, including floors, pavements, load-bearing walls, furniture, facades, interior wall cladding, dividing walls, and partition walls. There are two basic materials that are used to produce LTC: concrete and light-transmitting material. Fine concrete consists of cement, fine aggregate, small chips and water, while plastic optical fiber is added to create LTC. . In LTC, the optical fibre occupies 1% and 2% of the concrete’s volume. The distance between the rows of fibers is 5 mm.

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Experimental Investigation On Stabilization Of Black Cotton Soil By Using Lime And Rubber Chips[ ]


Construction of roads and other civil engineering structures on expansive soil is risky due to its high compressibility, low shear strength and high permeability. Soil stabilization is a process which enhances the engineering strength properties of expansive soil such as compaction characteristics, bearing capacity etc. These properties can be achieved by controlled compaction using the mechanical equipment or addition of suitable stabilizers (admixtures) like cement, fly ash, lime etc. But in recent years cost of these additives becomes expensive, to overcome these soil stabilizers like rubber chips are used

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Experimental Invistigation About Replacement Of Cement With Plastic Waste In Paver Block[ ]


The aim of this project is to replace cement with plastic waste in paver block and to reduce the cost of paver block when compared to that of convention concrete paver blocks. At present nearly 56 lakhs tones of plastic waste is produced in India per year. The degradation rate of plastic waste is also a very slow process. Hence the project is helpful in reducing plastic waste in a useful way. In this project we have used plastic waste and coarse aggregate. The paver blocks were prepared and tested and the results were discussed.

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Experimental Investigation On Partially Replacement Of Copper Slag Powder With Fine Aggregate And Mussel Shell Powder With Cement On Pavement Blocks[ ]


Now a days building demand is constantly increasing & the capital cost of the construction of the building is escalating, The demand for construction material is also increasing, To overcome these type of problem we want to found the new composition with low cost, our ultimate aim of the project is : To introduce copper slag powder &mussel shell powder as fine aggregate &cement respectively as one of the new material in to the pavement block.Interlocking Concrete Block Pavement (ICBP) has been extensively used in a number of countries for quite sometime as a specialized problem-solving technique for providing pavement in areas where conventional types of construction are less durable due to many operational and environmental constraints. ICBP technology has been introduced in India in construction, a decade ago, for specific requirement viz. footpaths, parking areas etc. but now being adopted extensively in different uses where the conventional construction of pavement using hot bituminous mix or cement concrete technology is not feasible or desirable. The paper dwells upon material, construction and laying of concrete block pavement as a new approach in construction of pavement using Interlocking Concrete Paver Blocks.

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Experimental Investigation On Utilization Of Recycled Carpet Nylon Fibre In Concrete[ ]


The primary aim of our project is to investigate the strength behavior of nylon fiber compared to the conventional concrete by testing the compressive, split tensile and flexural strength of the cube, cylinder and prism respectively. The cubes, cylinders, prisms are casted by adding nylon in different percentages. We allowed IS method for mix proportioning and the mix proportion obtained as per IS: 10262-2009 is 1: 1.66: 1.82: 0.45. The nylon is added in concrete at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%. Totally 72 moulds are casted (cube, cylinder, prism) for 7, 14, 28 days curing in order to find out the optimum percentage nylon in concrete. After 28 days compressive strength was found out from cubes, split tensile strength from cylinders and flexural strength from prism. We get result in increase of strength in 1% adding nylon

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Light Weight Concrete Using Coconut Shell[ ]


In this constructed environment, the rising cost of building construction materials is the factor of great concern. Nowadays, most of the researches are doing the research on the material which reduce the cost of the construction. The coarse aggregate are the main ingredients of concrete. . For instance fly ash, rice husk, slag and sludge from the treatment of industrial and domestic waste water have been found suitable as partial replacement for cement in concrete. The coconut shell is a material which can be a substitute for aggregate. The utilization of coconut shell as partial replacement for coarse aggregate. At the moment, 90% of this waste is disposed of the land fill as non-hazardous waste while only 10% is beneficially reused. In the present study, steps have been taken to partially replace the coarse aggregate. The use of coconut shells in concrete will considerably decrease the scarcity of natural aggregates. Because of this reason coconut shells are utilized as partial replacement for coarse aggregate in concrete with 5%,10% and 15% substitution in M20 concrete. These were casted and tested for compressive strength test and split tensile strength after a curing period of 3,7 and 28 days. The use of coconut shell can also help economically. Density of coconut shell is in the range of 550-650 kg/m3 and these are with in the specified limits for light weight aggregate. Sun drying shell should be used to make sure biodegradable materials decay before its mixing with concrete. It also contributes to sustainable construction

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Experimental Investigation Of Properties Of Passive Marterials For The Formation Of Brick[ ]


A Brick is a building material used to make walls, and other element in masonry construction. Traditionally the term brick refer to a unit composed of clay but it is now used to denote rectangular unit made of clay bearing soil {Red soil}, sand and lime or concrete material. Bricks are produced in numerous classes, type, material and size which vary with region and time period and are produced in bulk quantity. Brick are laid in in courses and numerous pattern known as bond collectively known as brickwork and may be laid in various kind of mortar to hold the brickwork together to make a durable structure. A fiber is added to the brick in order to provide strength ie; water hyacinth scientifically known as Eichhornia crassipes is a free floating aquatic plant with broad, thick, glossy, ovate leaves which rises up to 1m in height . This can perform functions such as for bioenergy waste, water treatment, edibility. medicinal use ,temperature reduction etc. Water hyacinth are been dried and cut in to fiber form and mixes with the clay soil in 0, 1%,2%,3% . The mixture is been poured in mould in order to make brick. This is been dried under sunlight and the strength is been calculated by comparing with normal brick. A lime is been coated at the face of brick.

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Seismic Analysis of Interlocking Block as Infill Wall[ ]


In this study, an attempt is made to analyze the structure when the infill wall is modeled using interlocking blocks. In this study building frame, wall, foundation, soil is modeled using ANSYS CIVIL FEM software. In analyzing the building different conditions considered are (a) Single storey with single bay frame without considering the interlocking infill on Gravel well graded soil with earthquake load along x direction; (b) Single bay frame with interlocking infill walls built along x direction; (c) Single bay frame with brick infill walls built along x direction; (d) Single storey with single bay frame without considering the interlocking infill with earthquake load along z direction;(e) Single storey single bay frame with interlocking infill walls built along z direction; (f) ) Single storey single bay frame with brick infill walls built along z direction on gravel well graded soil. The static non linear analysis is used to analyze the model. The displacement and stress results obtained along different co - ordinates are studied and compared. Comparison of results obtained is done between interlocking infill wall, brick infill walls and single storey single bay frame without any infill.

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Strength Aspect Of Bacterial Concrete With Partial Cement Replacement By Flyash And GGBS[ ]


The project is carried out to evaluate the strength characteristics of bacteria concrete with partial replacement of cement with fly ash and GGBS (Ground granulated blast furnace slag) in the mix giving the great results and being highly sustainable and eco friendly. From the result of the investigation it has been observed that the performance of blended cement concrete is better than that of the conventional concrete.When water enters through the cracks, it reacts with bacteria and forms precipitates of calcium carbonate, as a by product, which fills the cracks and makes crack free concrete.

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Experimental Study On Strength Properties of Triple Blended Self Compacting Concrete[ ]


The evalution of concrete has lead to a wide range of research over the civil industry to produce highly efficient and high strength concrete. Hence the researches with the concrete has been made on a large scale and a number of concrete composite were introduced such as Geopolymer Concrete, Polymer Impregnated Concrete, Self Compacted Concrete,Fiber Reinforced Concrete, etc. In this article, we would study about the Triple Blended Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) , that composes of Silica Fumes, Ground Granulated Blast Furnace and Fly Ash, which strengthens the property of concrete. This type of SCC not oly enhances the strength but also reuses the waste materials from industries and ensures cleaner environment.

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Light Weight Foamed Concrete As A Substitute For Bricks In Framed Structures[ ]


Construction industries in India are extensively using various materials such as concrete block, bricks, hollow blocks, etc for infill walls and partition walls. These blocks are bulk in weight and have transportation problems. This study aims at the feasibility of cellular lightweight concrete using fly ash, cement and synthetic based foaming agent with density 800kg/m3. Mix design was prepared with cement to fly ash ratio as 1:1, 1:2,2:1 , followed by water curing. Experimental investigation was conducted on optimized mix with respect to density, compressive strength, water absorption, fire resistance, in addition to extreme environmental conditions. The results indicated that foamed concrete block and panels can be used for infill purpose with improved performance and other characteristics.

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Experimental Investigation Of Pertial Replacement Of Cement With Marble Powder And Fine Aggregate With Glass Powder[ ]


Due to urbanization, the usage of cement in the construction industry gets increased rapidly. Due to the increasing demand for cement, marble powder is used as a partial replacement of cement for economic status. Marble waste is a solid waste material generated from the marble processing and can be used as a filler material in cement while preparing concrete. Glass is unstable in the alkaline environment of concrete and could cause deleterious alkali-silica reaction problems. This property has been used to advantage by grinding it into a fine glass powder (GLP) for incorporation into concrete as a pozzolanic material. The use of Glass Powder in the present days as a substitute for cement is to increase the strength of cement concrete.In this experiment, the behaviour of concrete using marble powder and glass powder are determining. The mix design is done for M25 grade concrete as per Indian Standard. The different percentage of powder (i.e.) marble powder and glass powder at the range of 10% to 20% by weight of cement were used. The concrete specimen with different percentages will cast, cure and test for 7, 14 and 28 days.

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Experimental Investigation Of Hybrid Fiber Concrete With Nanosilica[ ]


Concrete is characterized by quasi-brittle failure, the nearly complete loss of loading capacity, once failure is initiated. This characteristic, which limits the application of the material, can be overcome by the inclusion of a small amount of short randomly distributed fibers (steel, glass, synthetic and natural) and can be practiced among others that remedy weaknesses of concrete, such as low growth resistance, high shrinkage cracking, low durability, etc. The use of two or more types of fibers in a suitable combination may potentially improve the overall properties of concrete and also result in performance concrete. The fibers are able to prevent surface cracking through bridging action leading to an increased impact resistance of the concrete. The combination of two or more different types of fibres is becoming more common, with the aim of optimizing overall system behaviour. The intent is that the performance of these hybrid systems would exceed that induced by each fibre type alone. In this experiment, the behaviour of concrete using Hybrid Fiber and Nanosilica are determining. The mix design is done for M25 grade concrete as per Indian Standard. The different percentage of fiber (i.e.) steel fiber 0.7% and polypropylene fiber 0.3% by weight of cement were used in the investigation and the various percentage of nanosilica randing from 2.0% to 4.0% by weight of cement were used. The concrete specimen with different percentages will cast, cure and test for 7 and 28 days.

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Experimental Investigation On Replacement Of Fine Agrregate By Agri Waste (Coconut Shell & Rice Husk Ash)[ ]


Concrete is the most undisputable and indispensable material being used in infrastructure development throughout the world.To avoid environmental degradation the consumption of natural resources should be reduced by using alternate sources.Due to industrialization enormous quantity of waste is produced as by product, which can be effectively used as an alternate for the natural resources.Rice husk ash and coconut shell is one of the byproduct obtained from agricultural waste which can be used as the replacement of fine aggregate in concrete thus by reducing the quantity of river sand. In this experiment, the behaviour of concrete using rice husk ash and coconut shell are determining. The mix design is done for M20 grade concrete as per Indian Standard. The different percentage of natural fiber (i.e.) rice husk ash and cocnut shell of the range 5% to 20% by weight of cement were used in the investigation were used. The concrete specimen with different percentages will cast, cure and test for 7 and 28 days. The test result will compare with control specimen.

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Experimental Investigation Of Concrete With Steel Fiber And Study Of The Mechanical Properties Of Recycled Aggregate Concrete[ ]


Concrete like other engineering materials needs to be designed for properties like strength, durability, and workability.Use of mineral admixtures like fly-ash, slag, metakaolan and steel fibre have revolutionized the concrete technology by increasing its strength and durability of concrete by many folds. Fibre-reinforced concrete(FRC) is containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It also increases speed of construction and in some cases may even eliminate the need for conventional reinforcement. It contains short discrete fibres that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented.Fibres are usually used in concrete to control cracking due to both plastic shrinkage and drying shrinkage. They also reduce the permeability of concrete and thus reducing bleeding of water. Some types of fibres produce greater impact, and shatter resistance in concrete. Steel is the strongest commonly available fibre, and come in different length and shapes. Steel fibres can only be used on surfaces that can tolerate or avoid corrosion and rust stains.

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Dynamic Analysis Of Multistoried Rc Framed Structures[ ]


The important objective of engineers is to design and build a structure in such a way that damage to the structure and its structural component during the earthquake is minimize. The most sensitive issues that the Structural Engineers face is the selection of proper procedure for estimating the seismic performance of the structure. This is very important when they are dealing with high rise structures as the improper selection of the method ultimately leads to the results which are far away from the correct results. Dynamic analysis is one of the effective procedures for evaluating the seismic performance of the building. The damage control is one of important design considerations which is increasing its influence and can be achieved only by introducing dynamic analysis in the design. The dynamic analysis can be done by softwares .Stadd Pro is one of the leading software which is presently using by many companies and Structural Engineers for their projects. In this paper, for the dynamic analysis, a plan of a multi-storey building is taken and it has been modelled with different structural elements for minimum storey displacement. The Analysis of building using stadd pro and the dynamic analysis of multi-story buildings is done using Etabs by IS and SP codal provisions. The multi-storey building is R.C.C. structure with ground floor +7 upper floors in zone V with a maximum earth fill of 750 mm on the ground floor for landscape requirements. By comparing the results of dynamic analysis, the performance of the structural system can be evaluated.

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Estimation Of Marine Salts Behavior Around The Bridge Structures[ ]


The development of chloride penetration models is essential for the assessment of the service life of concrete structures exposed to marine environment. Simple models are derived from Fick’s 2nd law of diffusion are at present the best way to predict chloride penetration in practical situations. However these models need to be calibrated with experimental results. This paper presents an experimental study where the parameters used in the penetration model where calibrated to allow the prediction of long term chloride content in concrete. The results showed that the concrete cover and concrete quality requirements stated in the present codes need to be increased so that an acceptable service life can be achieved.

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Strenghtening Of Rc Beam Column Joint By Geosynthesis[ ]


The beam column joint is the crucial zone in a reinforced concrete moment resisting frame. It is subjected to large forces during severe ground shaking and its behaviour has a significant influence on the response of the structure. Hence, new techniques and sustainability material have to be adapted. Notable work has been done with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymers (GFRP), Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) and Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) as a fibre reinforced polymers used as a retrofitting material. But less work has been done with geosynthetics material (Geotextiles. Geogrids, Geonets, Geomembranes). The main purpose of this research study is to evaluate the behaviour of RC beam-column joint specimens wrapped with Geogrid and Glass Geocomposite. In the process 8 beam-column joint specimens were casted and 4 of them tested for strength by wrapping it with Geogrid and the other 4 were tested for strength without wrapping it with Geogrid. Beams were casted to check the various properties of the geosynthetic materials in concrete. From the result, it has been observed that geogrid wrapped specimen and glass geocomposite wrapped specimen showed more deflection than control specimen and had higher load carrying capacity than the specimen withoutwrapping.

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Structural Responce Of Modular Building[ ]


Prefabrication by off-site manufacturing leads to a reduced overall construction schedule, improved quality, and reduced resource wastage. Modular building is therefore increasingly popular and promoted. With the recent promotion a number of relevant studies have been completed, however, a review of the design, construction, and performance of modular buildings under different loading conditions is lacking. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of modular building structures. First, structural forms and construction materials are presented as a brief introduction to the modular structures. Modular building is shown to refer not to a single structure type, but a variety of structural systems and materials. These modular structures might perform differently to similar traditional structures and the structural performance is highly dependent on inter- and intra-module connections. The structural response of modules to different hazards is then considered, followed by the current design practice and methodology. As a currently developing area there is great potential for innovation in modular structures and several key research areas are identified for further work.

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Investigation On Evaluation Of Pushover Analysis Procedures For Frame Structures[ ]


Nonlinear static analysis, or pushover analysis, has been developed over the past twenty years and has become the preferred analysis procedure for design and seismic performance evaluation purposes as the procedure is relatively simple and considers post elastic behavior. However, the procedure involves certain approximations and simplifications that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Although, in literature, pushover analysis has been shown to capture essential structural response characteristics under seismic action, the accuracy and the reliability of pushover analysis in predicting global and local seismic demands for all structures have been a subject of discussion and improved pushover procedures have been proposed to overcome the certain limitations of traditional pushover procedures. However, the improved procedures are mostly computationally demanding and conceptually complex that use of such procedures are impractical in engineering profession and codes. As traditional pushover analysis is widely used for design and seismic performance evaluation purposes, its limitations, weaknesses and the accuracy of its predictions in routine application should be identified by studying the factors affecting the pushover predictions. In other words, the applicability of pushover analysis in predicting seismic demands should be investigated for low, mid and high-rise structures by identifying certain issues such as modeling nonlinear member behavior, computational scheme of the procedure, variations in the predictions of various lateral load patterns utilized in traditional pushover analysis, efficiency of invariant lateral load patterns in representing higher mode effects and accurate estimation of target displacement at which seismic demand prediction of pushover procedure is performed.

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Seismic Performance Of Isolated Curved Steel Viaducts Under Level II Earthquakes[ ]


Nonlinear static analysis, or pushover analysis, has been developed over the past twenty years and has become the preferred analysis procedure for design and seismic performance evaluation purposes as the procedure is relatively simple and considers post elastic behavior. However, the procedure involves certain approximations and simplifications that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Although, in literature, pushover analysis has been shown to capture essential structural response characteristics under seismic action, the accuracy and the reliability of pushover analysis in predicting global and local seismic demands for all structures have been a subject of discussion and improved pushover procedures have been proposed to overcome the certain limitations of traditional pushover procedures. However, the improved procedures are mostly computationally demanding and conceptually complex that use of such procedures are impractical in engineering profession and codes. As traditional pushover analysis is widely used for design and seismic performance evaluation purposes, its limitations, weaknesses and the accuracy of its predictions in routine application should be identified by studying the factors affecting the pushover predictions. In other words, the applicability of pushover analysis in predicting seismic demands should be investigated for low, mid and high-rise structures by identifying certain issues such as modeling nonlinear member behavior, computational scheme of the procedure, variations in the predictions of various lateral load patterns utilized in traditional pushover analysis, efficiency of invariant lateral load patterns in representing higher mode effects and accurate estimation of target displacement at which seismic demand prediction of pushover procedure is performed.

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