ICRITDME-2019- 2nd International Conference on Recent Innovations & Technological Development in Mechanical Engineering

"ICRITDME 2019 Conference Papers "

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Conceptual model for Contact making attitude of users in Social Networking Sites: A case study of Facebook users in Saudi Arabia[ ]


Social networking applications have been developing speedily throughout the world. In this paper, we examine the knowledge and attitudes of people towards the use of social networking sites in Dammam. A well designed pre-tested questionnaire was used for the collection of the data. The present study involved 106 respondents from Dammam. The results obtained from our study using the factor analysis confirms that there are certain common factors like peer pressure, ease of use, socializing, need of cognition, self-esteem, third person factor and PPM framework which drives contact making behavior of users in SNS. Further, there are mostly six factors that are effective in affecting the attitude of the users positively or negatively while making a decision of adding a new contact to their profile. The study reveals that religion, culture and language are not a hindrance between the users. This can be of great use to various marketers and recruiters who are using SNS as their platform to carry out their operation. It can be also very helpful in reducing the gap that exists among the societies in a state like Saudi

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The Pathway to Zero Waste: Case Study of Saudii Arabia’s Solid Waste Management Techniques[ ]


Rising amounts of waste generation and poor waste management techniques are an increasing concern for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. With waste generations of around 15 million tons annually, Saudi Arabia’s environment is being compromised due to the lack of effective Solid Waste Management (SWM) techniques. The purpose of this research is to understand the ongoing trends of waste generation, determine the best waste management techniques and provide methods to improve the foundation of SWM within the Kingdom. One aspect of SWM is the generation of energy called Waste-to-Energy (WTE). An analysis performed by the authors on the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in the Kingdom found out that the energy content of the waste is approximately 11,000 kJ/kg, which approximately adds up to a massive potential of 52,500 GWh/year in Saudi Arabia. According to Renewable Energy Project Development Office, Saudi Arabia eyes on generating about 3 GW of energy from wastes under Vision 2030 program. After analyzing the MSW generated in Dammam and examining the current and potential waste handling schemes of the Kingdom, an institutional framework for Integrated Solid Waste Management (ISWM) is designed by the authors.

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Roadmap for future : Vision 2030 and its Impact on Saudi Arabia's Energy Sector[ ]


The energy consumption of Saudi Arabia is at a record high due to growing population and increasing industrialization. The electricity consumption is also growing rapidly and is expected to double by 2032. Currently, Saudi’s electricity generation depends entirely on fossil fuels. However, the Kingdom’s energy sector is shifting towards renewable energy since the announcement of Vision 2030. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of Vision 2030 on Saudi’s energy sector and assess its impact on the Kingdom’s economy. Vision 2030 calls for a renewable energy capacity of 71.6 GW by the year 2040. The majority of development will be done in solar, nuclear, wind, geothermal and waste-to-energy fields. Saudi Arabia is willing to spend well over $100 billion to facilitate this growth, and is also changing several policies such as encouraging public-private partnerships in energy field, privatizing the renewable sector and removing the subsidy on electricity and gasoline. After going through several researches, a few results, analysis and predictions are presented in this paper. Vision 2030 can help Saudi Arabia save nearly 250 million barrels of oil, 300 million tons of carbon dioxide and approximately $25 billion annually from the year 2040 onwards, provided all the policies and strategies are implemented efficiently by the government of Saudi Arabia

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Laboratory scale experimental study to investigate the impact of soil moisture content on the performance of earth air heat exchanger for summer cooling[ ]


Earth air heat exchanger uses the nearly constant temperature of sub-soil to provide space cooling in summer. Due to the thermal saturation of sub-soil around the heat exchanger pipe, it’s performance decreases in the long run. Increase in soil moisture content is known to improve the thermal properties of soil and thus enhances the performance of EAHE. In this study, impact of soil moisture content on the performance of EAHE has been investigated experimentally, using laboratory scale setup, for summer cooling. The experimental setup has been developed inside a room of dimension 3m × 3m × 3m in the Government Engineering College, Ajmer, India. Results show that the temperature drop of air in dry soil, after six hours of operation, is 9.4 °C, whereas in wet soil with 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% moisture content, the temperature drop is 10.1 °C, 10.8 °C, 11.4 °C & 11.8 °C respectively

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Techno-Economic Analysis of Earth Air Heat Exchanger System for Building Cooling in Hot and Dry Climate of Rajasthan (India)[ ]


The earth air heat exchanger (EAHE) system is a promising passive technique which can be used effectively to reduce dependency on conventional air conditioning system with significant energy saving and reduction in emission of CFC gases. In the present study, an earth-air heat exchanger (EAHE) system has been considered for the cooling of an office room in a hot and dry climate of Jaipur (India). For the present study, the hottest day of the summer season (i.e. 21 June) has been taken for calculating the cooling load of the office building and according to which the cooling load of office room of floor area 16.73 m2, was 4233 Watts. To yield this cooling load, an EAHE system is designed for an office room. For the parametric study, three different diameter pipes (0.1 m, 0.15 m and 0.2 m) were considered with four different air flow velocities (2 m/s, 3 m/s, 4 m/s and 5 m/s). It was observed that an EAHE system with 0.2 m diameter pipe and 3 m/s air flow velocity is the best combination to produce desired cooling load with the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 5% and the payback period of 6.35 years. Moreover, the net present value (NPV) for a 20-year operating period is approximately nearby 91450 rupees at the market discount rate of 5 %.

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Open architecture controller to operate a computerized numerical control machine[ ]


This paper presents an alternative for operating computerized numerical control (CNC) machine with the help of an open source controller. It takes G and M codes created by computer-aided design/computer aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software for a drawing file (.prt or .dxf) as input. The drawing file is obtained by converting a JPEG image into .prt or .dxf file with the aid of Img2CAD software. This drawing file is imported in UG Nx CAD/CAM software (Version 5) and scaled to the required dimensions. 2D manufacturing of the drawing is carried out in UG Nx and G and M codes for the same is obtained by carrying out post-processing operation. G and M code program is saved in a text file with extension .nc. This file is taken as an input by Universal Gcode Sender software which is connected to Grbl shield V5 and Arduino Uno hardware via serial port of laptop. Before executing G code program, the output can be visualized using G-Code visualizer option

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Quality Cost and Six Sigma Frameworks to Improve Quality[ ]


In today’s highly competitive markets, manufacturers must provide high quality products to survive. Manufacturers can achieve higher quality levels by changing their manufacturing process and/or by inspecting products where there is often a multitude of different strategies. A quality cost approach serves as a useful framework for comparing available production processes and alternatives for inspection. Six Sigma is the powerful methodology for promoting improvements and reducing Quality Cost. In this paper framework for Cost of Quality and Six Sigma is discussed. If frameworks of COQ and Six Sigma effectively implemented by Indian manufacturing industries then they will get the benefits such as reduction of defects, reduction in re-work, reduction in cycle time, increase in productivity, improved design, reduction in Cost of Quality, improved market share, customer satisfaction & delight, growth in revenue & profits and finally happy & satisfied stakeholders.

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Soft Actuation Technologies in Robotics and Challenges[ ]


This review paper comprises a detailed study of current methodologies for soft actuators, highlighting approaches suitable for small scale robotic applications. In this paper, I review the emerging nature inspired soft-bodied actuation systems, and in particular recent developments inspired by soft-bodied Animals. Incorporating soft technologies in actuation systems have potential to reduce the algorithmic and mechanical complexity. Special design challenges are presented by soft robots in that their sensing and actuation mechanisms owing to the highly integrated structure with the overall functionality. However, for small scale soft robotic actuation systems, in which they often lack sensing mechanism, computation, control and onboard power. Soft, active materials are particularly well suited for this task, which can be actuate with wide range of stimulants and demonstrating high motion complexities, large deformations and varied multi functionality. Incorporating of soft technologies in robotic system will also accelerate the evolution of robots that can safely interact with humans and natural environments. Recent research include both the development of new and composites materials that could be combined with multi-disciplinary fields to create hybrid systems for wide range of applications

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Computational Study of Distribution of Mechanical Stress in Artificially Replaced Hip Joint Implants Using Mathematical Model[ ]


Problems of the Total hip joint replacements leads the distribution of mechanical stresses over the implant-joint and bone. It was come to know during different experiments that using different combinations of load, Materials bonds and implants failure can be minimize. In this study FGM is used as implant material and using power low the mathematical model is proposed for mechanical stress distribution

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Plain Flow Vapor Condensation Optimization using Teaching-Learning Based Optimization (TLBO)[ ]


In this paper, R-245fa vapor condensation heat transfer and pressure drop inside a horizontal smooth tube is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem and solved using teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm. The TLBO is a recently proposed optimization algorithm which simulates teaching-learning method in a class. This algorithm is applied to maximize heat transfer and to minimize pressure drop simultaneously. The range of parameters taken for the current investigation are refrigerant mass flux (100-300 kg/m2-s), quality (0.1-0.9) and saturation temperature (35-450C). The results show that the optimum heat transfer and pressure drop are achieved with mass fluxes 146.15, 159.06 and 176.10 kg/m2-s at saturation temperatures 35, 40 and 450C respectively while optimum vapor quality is its highest value that is 0.9 and is same for all saturation temperatures.

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Acoustic Emission Characteristics in turning of AISI 303 Stainless Steel[ ]


The paper reports the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics in turning of AISI 303 Stainless Steel. During machining, the mechanism of material removal has significant effect on surface finish. The AE parameters such as RMS (Root mean square) and energy are selected as response variables during machining and demonstrated their effects on machining parameters. The analytical results are correlated with the surface roughness. The dry machining of AISI 303 Stainless Steel with tungsten carbide tool insert produces smooth surface with Ra value of 0.52µm.

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Some Methods to Improve the Performance of solar Pond-A Review[ ]


Solar pond is one of the most simple and economic systems for the storage and reuse of solar energy. Energy efficiency of a simple solar pond is very low. Therefore, many researchers are working on ways to improve the performance of a solar pond. In this paper some of the simple and effective techniques to improve the efficiency of a solar pond have been discussed.

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Ergonomic Blueprint of EOT Crane Cabins: A Case Study from Steel Plant within India[ ]


The study, passed out at the Batch Annealing Furnace (BAF) shop of Cold Rolling Mill (CRM) at an incorporated steel plant of India, concern ergonomic valuation and redesign of a manually - operated Electrical Overhead Travelling (EOT) crane cabin. The crane cabin is a composite worksystem consisting of the crane operator and twelve detailed machine components rooted in a closed workspace. A crane operator has to carry out various actions, such as loading and unloading of coils, set and removal of convector plates, and regular maintenance work. Firstly, an operator had to effort in rank posture with bent back a large amount of the time. Ergonomically poor design of the chair and the controls, uncomfortable work postures, and inadequate vision angle resulting in Musculo Skeletal Disorders (MSDs) are some of the critical troubles observed. The study, conceived as an industry academia joint scheme, was undertaken by a design group, the members of which were drawn from equally the company concerned and the institution. With the mission executed fruitfully, a number of instruction, such at the same time as how to reduce the anthropometric inequality, how to get better the layout of the mechanism and controls within enclosed workplace, and how to pick up work posture minimizing risk of MSDs have been learned

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Efficiency Enhancement Measures for Single Slope Solar Still – An Experimental Study[ ]


The effect of various efficiency enhancement measures for single slope solar still has been studied experimentally. The experiments were carried out on a single-slope solar still with a basin size of 1.0 m x 0.8 m at Jaipur, India. Effect of internal mirrors, the quantity of water present in the basin, the presence of black dye in the water, the presence of foam and a bed of gravel on the distillate output during the sunshine and during the night and overall efficiency of the still were investigated. It was observed that for the cases without internal mirrors, mixing of black dye in the water and a bed of gravel had a positive effect on overall efficiency of the still, while the performance of still deteriorated due to use of yellow foam pieces. For the still with internal mirrors and plain water, the overall efficiency of the still increases by about 10%. However there was no benefit of using any of the above measures with internal mirrors

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Condition Monitoring of Vertical Auxiliary Cooling Water (ACW) Pump at Thermal Power Plant[ ]


Condition monitoring of vertical pump rotor can not only reduce expenses of maintenance of auxiliaries of power plants but also prevents likely shutdown of plant, thereby increases plant efficiencies. Rotor displacements and velocities are essential part of vibration analysis because they are having much influence on pump shaft vibration and also governing systems are available to minimize them before dangerous situation occurs. This paper includes analysis of vertical auxiliary cooling water pump (ACWP) and diagnosis of failure before such situation occurs. Influence of displacements and velocities on vertical pump rotor vibration have also analyzed.

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Laboratory scale experimental study to investigate the impact of soil moisture content on the performance of earth air heat exchanger for summer cooling [ ]


Earth air heat exchanger uses the nearly constant temperature of sub-soil to provide space cooling in summer. Due to the thermal saturation of sub-soil around the heat exchanger pipe, it’s performance decreases in the long run. Increase in soil moisture content is known to improve the thermal properties of soil and thus enhances the performance of EAHE. In this study, impact of soil moisture content on the performance of EAHE has been investigated experimentally, using laboratory scale setup, for summer cooling. The experimental setup has been developed inside a room of dimension 3m × 3m × 3m in the Government Engineering College, Ajmer, India. Results show that the temperature drop of air in dry soil, after six hours of operation, is 9.4 °C, whereas in wet soil with 5%, 10%, 15% & 20% moisture content, the temperature drop is 10.1 °C, 10.8 °C, 11.4 °C & 11.8 °C respectively.

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Case Study on quality control tools for Bearing industries[ ]


In this paper a review of systematic use of 7 QC tools for improving the quality of deep groove ball bearing is presented. QC tools are the means for Collecting data, analyzing data, identifying root causes and measuring the results. Quality Control tools are related to numerical data processing techniques. All of these tools together can deliver prodigious process chasing and analysis that can be very helpful for quality developments. These tools make quality improvements easier to see, implement and track, using 7 QC in mini tab, graphs can be easily calculated with dimension.

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Review on Process Parameter of EDM & micro EDM[ ]


Electric discharge machining is a non-conventional machining method and it is widely used in aerospace,automobile and pharmaceutical industries. In Present research work a detailed review is given on different process parameter utilized in micro-EDM and their utility in different research application

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Study of Electrode Wear and Material Removal Rate of Al and MS on EDM Using Different Electrodes: A Review[ ]


In the go up against concentrate an examination has been done to survey the terminal wear along the cross-area of an anode contrasted with the equivalent along its length amid EDM of mellow steel and aluminum utilizing copper and metal cathodes. Same on the grounds that here we are talking about copper-tungsten terminal and straightforward cathodes. We plate diverse sort of cathode here and their particular execution

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Technologies to Achieve Future Emission Norms: A critical Review[ ]


The growing number of vehicle on the road in the country like India where existing emission standards are lagging behind from ten years in comparison to European standards has played a manifold. The country, having cities like Delhi where vehicle pollutions are disturbing the scenario, the regulation to adopt BS VI by 2020 require technologies to get through with the regulations. The vehicular emissions mainly consist of the nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxides, particular matters and hydrocarbons emitted by the combustion of fuel. BS VI demands the nitrous oxides level to 30 percent low in comparison to BS IV standards. The research elucidates the use of electro-mechanical water pump to attain fewer emissions and optimize the engine life by flowing the optimized coolant flow. The pump is an up gradation of the only electrical or mechanical pump by improving the limitations. The electro mechanical pump works on the switch technology by the need of engine cooling system to optimize the engine temperature. The pump works on electrical energy at lower and sporadic rpm and works on mechanical system from crankshaft drive at higher and constant rpm. The EGR cooler is also upgraded by the use of electro mechanical by providing the optimized flow of coolant for cooling the exhaust gases so that it can provide the optimum composition of harmful hydro carbons, carbon monoxide and nitrous oxide. Exhaust gas recirculation reduces nitrous oxides by circulating a portion of an engine exhaust gas again to engine cylinders. The recirculation dilutes oxygen to acts as an absorbent to attain high inert temperature. The EGR reduces nitrous oxides and improves engine life through reduced cycle temperature.

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utilization of bio-ethanol fuel from sweet sorghum[ ]


The objectives of this research was to enhance the production of ethanol from sweet sorghum molasses using fermentation process. Various amounts of sweet sorghum molasses combined with different concentration of additives like malt extract, glucose, yeast extract, peptone, agar and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Ncim 3594 to maintain pH up to 4.2 to 4.5. Mashes fermented about 72 hours at 35 Celsius temperature to produce ethanol. Distillation carried out in distillery apparatus at 78 degree Celsius bio-ethanol capture in airtight conical flask and after double distillation carried out for pure bio-ethanol was obtained. After this work concluded that 1 liters sweet sorghum with some additives, 400 ml absolute bio-ethanol.

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Performance Evaluation of Four-Stroke Twin Cylinder Diesel Engine with Optimum Cooling[ ]


Diesel as a fuel is now available with high rate and it causes more pollution as compared to other fuel which is the major problem in recent scenario. So attempt has been m=ade on energy conservation and management in diesel engine with different methods to reduced energy loss by optimum cooling, additives with lubrication. In this paper experiment on twin cylinder four stroke diesel engine has been done and engine performance is compared before engine overhauling and after engine overhauling. Found that there is increase in brake power by utilizing west heat energy reduction in emission. Heat balance sheet had been prepaid using servant readings and it was found that after changing lubricating oil found increase in mechanical efficiency of about 10-12%, decrement in specific fuel consumption of about 5-7%. By varying mass flow rate of cooling water at rated power we found optimum cooling rate (0.00014 m3/sec).

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Al 6351 T6 as a Brake Rotor Material[ ]


Braking system is important and necessary safety system for automobiles. Whole brake system is unsprung mass of automobiles and the use of lightweight material to produce component for brake system gives more advantage. It can be said that lessor the unsprung weight of vehicle, greater the performance can be achieved. In this paper, properties of Al 6351 T6 alloy has been discussed and it was found that it is 48% light in weight compared to cast iron. Quality and different properties of this material is additionally great.Testing of braking efficiency using new rotor also gives positive result. At the end, it can be concluded that Al 6351 T6 material is suitable for brake rotor

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Production of Biogas from Cow Manure by Adding Various Additives[ ]


In today’s world, the use of fossil fuels and the effect of greenhouse gases on environment is very serious problem. So, the research is driving into the production of renewable energy from various biodegradable wastes, organic resources etc. The energy demand is increasing day by day and majority of the energy is produced from the fossil fuels. Therefore, the need of the time is to switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy resources. So that from the various renewable energy resources, this paper focus from the production of biogas from cow manure by adding different additives. The production of biogas carried out through anaerobic digestion in two stages. In first stage, the batch production was conducted under mesophilic range (28-30 oC) by using cow manure and water slurry. In second stage, alfalfa powder, pongamia pinnata powder (karanj) and urea was added in slurry. The experiment was carried out by using self-made anaerobic digester having working volume of 1000 L. Cow dung and water were mixed at a ratio of 1:1. Daily measurement of biogas was checked by measuring its pressure using U-tube manometer. The result found that the pressure of biogas production in first stage was obtained 1.43 bar in 46 days and in second stage 2.67 bar in 32 days. Therefore, biogas production was increased and HRT was decreased using different additives compared to cow dung only

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Comparative analysis of ethanol fuel production from sweet sorghum and sugarcane[ ]


World’s population goes on increasing and the standard of human life is improving day by day, which interns increases the need of energy more . The increase in energy consumption particularly in past ten years has raised the fears of exhausting vital natural resources. As India having large number of automobile sector the cost of petroleum fuel goes on increasing which results it in to increase in emission of harmful gases such as CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, which there by leads to air pollution . As India needs more fuel for the transportation it exports fuel from other countries by which it affects the economic fact, so as an alternative India should use bio fuels for better environment and nature .[1.]Using the ethanol as a fuel in IC engines reduces greenhouse effect effectively by reducing CO, CO2, NOx, SOx. Ethanol can be used as a fuel in internal combustion engine in two ways, as a straight fuel and as a blended fuel. For low blends of ethanol there is no need of engine modification. Thus use of ethanol provides great hands in reducing dependent on petroleum fuel. As India needs more fuel for the transportation it exports fuel from other countries by which it affects the economic fact, so as an alternative India should use bio fuels. From the study it is concluded that with the use of ethanol as an alternative fuel reduces dependent on crude oil and it also useful in concern of harmful gases.

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Effect of Pad-Preload on Fluid Film Coefficients in Tilting Pad Journal Bearing[ ]


Analytical model has been developed to analyze the effect of pad-preload on bearing parameters. A four pad centrally pivoted tilting pad journal bearing has considered for analysis. The infinite short bearing assumption has taken for determination of fluid film pressure and fluid film forces. Fluid film thickness, pressure along pads, hydrodynamic forces, stiffness and damping coefficients has presented in the form of graphs concerning journal eccentricity ratios and pad-preload coefficients. The separate MatlabTM code has made for investigation purpose. Investigation showed that pad preload is vital for the stability of tilting pad journal yet higher value could cause bearing failure.

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Drivers and Hurdles in Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Technique in Small and Large Scale Ceramic Industries[ ]


Lean Manufacturing is one of powerful technique in every type of industries. The concept of lean technique in an organization, which is striving for excellence, is the main key factor in maintaining competitiveness in the market scenario. There is no specific standard for lean implementation process. The factors that should be consider while implementing lean concept in ceramic industries are characterized as the size of firm, employees involvement, poor skill, high labor cost, awareness of lean concept, lack of standard operating procedure as well type and verity of the product line. A proper understanding and analysis of drivers and hurdles will help industries to figure out the most effective way to implement lean technique, enhanced productivity, better quality, higher profitability, better customer satisfaction, sense of achievement in employees, better employee - employer relation, and sense of belonging towards their work. The present work investigates the drivers and barriers/hurdles in implementation of lean manufacturing through market survey and validation through different tools and techniques.

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Value Stream Mapping: A Review[ ]


Today, in every organization, Lean has become a buzzword, when they are aware that Lean identifies and eliminates waste. It is called ‘Muda’ in Japan. It means non –value activities. In the manufacturing industry, it performs very vital and significant activities for the effective management and successful journey with lean charting the product flow and acceptable services through various functions and tasks to provide value added products and services to their customers, called as value stream, which means the changes made at the time of production of any product from the stage of conception to sale and marketing. Therefore, this term implies changes that add value. However, the application of Lean and value added function needs an elaborate understanding of all the procedures involved to eliminate waste at every stage and they can be identified to eliminate. The powerful and authoritative lean tool is also called Value Steam Mapping, which clearly identifies the waste. This review paper defines the concept, value and utility of Value Stream Mapping, by exploring several literatures concerning VSM effectiveness and will be helpful with regards to the advanced research in the similar context field

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Sustainable supply chain management: An overview[ ]


The organizations are progressively concentrating on procurement as well as delivering of products and facilities in such a way to decrease the harmful effects on the society, environment as well as economy. In above outlook, the perception of sustainable supply chain management has taken consideration of the business organization due to its significance on economic, social and environmental performance. As the supply chain management is the most important for enriching the organizational competitiveness, the current work make an attempt to explore the theoretic outlooks in sustainable supply chain management

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HYDROGEN PRODUCTION, STORAGE, TRANSPORTATION, ITS ECONOMY AND FUEL CELL : A REVIEW[ ]


Hydrogen is a soaring quality energy carrier that could be created at global scale, via thermochemical processing of hydrocarbons, such as natural gas, coal or biomass, or water electrolysis using any source of electricity including renewables, such as wind or solar, or nuclear power. Due to air pollution, energy deficiency and climate change, the exploration of cleaner alternative transportation fuel is of vital importance. Hydrogen which has been accepted as a clean energy has the ability to overcome the future energy and environmental troubles, and many projects about hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have been launched in di?erent regions. Hydrogen can be renewed to electricity and heat in fuel cells at high efficiency with zero end-use emissions. In this paper we review the hydrogen production techniques, about fuel cell technology, different types of fuel cells like MCFCs, SOFCs, PEMFCs, hydrogen economy, hydrogen storage and transportation & its use in fuel cell vehicles

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GEOTHERMAL ENERGY APPLICATIONS AND CONVERSIONS[ ]


Geothermal energy is a renewable and clean energy which is extracted heat from the earth’s core. It is present in affluent amount in the earth’s core and it can meet the energy requirement of the human being. The geothermal energy can be directly used for the heating and cooling of house in winter and summer respectively. The flooded mine water is a good source of geothermal energy. House heating using geothermal energy is efficient and economical. It can be used low annual average temperature. This paper reviews the application of geothermal energy in different systems. This paper also deals with the forms in which geothermal energy can directly be used and it can be converted in to electrical energy

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Smart materials: a review of capabilities and applications[ ]


The demands from aerospace, defense, automotive and industrial branches on more advanced and innovative materials has led to the development of new smart materials. Smart materials have some special physical properties that changes with the response and with of input such as stress, temperature electric and magnetic field.Their smartness can be characterized by its self-adaptability, selfsensing and self-healing in response to any external stimuli. Certain properties are far beyond to the conventional actuation system. The advantages of these material possess to use in special areas such as vibration control, high dynamic system for instance. These material includes the piezoelectric materials, dielectric elastomers, magnetorheological fluids, electroactive polymers and some other materials. This paper shows the capabilities and application of the smart materials.

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Lean six sigma implementation in bearing industry[ ]


In the current era of competition, organizations are looking for high growth in the business by investing low capital. For greater efficiency in the business, organizations use the lean six sigma (LSS) approach which is data driven methodology to eliminate waste from the process and most practicable nowadays. LSS uses various terminologies for reducing wastes like inventory, transportation, waiting, motion, over processing, waiting and over production. The current research implemented LSS concept in bearing industry by using the define, measure, analyse, improve and control (DMAIC) methodology. DMAIC is stepwise methodology for reducing waste & increase quality. In define phase the problem was define after receiving complaints from users by sight vision in taper roller bearing division. Bore marking issue during inner track honing operation is measure issue of low quality. Use of modified arbour will help industry to improve quality of inner race. The LSS concept was implemented successfully and the sufficient improvement has been made in the product

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Trigeneration: A Comprehensive Review Based On Prime Movers and Cooling Technologies[ ]


The fast depletion of fuels and huge demand for fuel in transport, power and agricultural sectors activates the research and development of substitute energy resources to maintain economic development. Hence a lot of work has already been done in the direction of alternative fuels like hydrogen, bio-diesel, and other additives like alcohols and energy as also energy conservation techniques to enhance the efficiency of various systems. In this report the prime focus is on waste energy (heat) utilization techniques in heating and space cooling. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest developments in the field of combined cooling, heating and power generation. On the basis of comprehensive review key areas for future work and investigation aiming to improve tri-generation systems performance include, development of cost-effective micro-scale tri-generation systems to serve residential building and automobile applications employing ORC and IC engine units

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Electric Discharge Machining Process for advanced and hard materials: A start of art on Electrode wear[ ]


This review paper gives an insight of the different tool electrode materials, shapes that affects performance measures such as Tool Wear Rate (TWR), Material Removal Rate (MRR), Surface Roughness (SR) and Recast layer. These measures also get affected by the parameters such as Spark On-time (pulse on time or Ton), Spark Off-time (pulse off time or Toff), Arc gap (or gap), Discharge current (Ip) Duty cycle (t) Voltage (V). It also discusses on the factors such Electrode rotation and Electrode speed and their effect on performance measures

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Electrical Discharge Machining of Advanced Materials: Effect of Input Parameters on Electrically Conductive Tool Wear Rate[ ]


Tool wear rate (TWR) is a measurement response measured during machining of aerospace and advanced materials during electrical discharge machining (EDM). This is a type of erosion wear, where electrically conductive tool-electrode has no physical contact with the work-piece surface. The paper describes the state of art research works done by researchers, scientist and academicians on the effect of machining process parameters on machining response viz. tool wear rate.

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INDUSTRY 4.0 IN MANUFACUTURING SECTOR: A REVIEW[ ]


The human did always continue progress since it born. This progress will never stop until earth or human species end. Today we are leaving in an information world there every human is more connected, more informed. The concept industry 4.0 will bring more progress for human kind. This paper has a purpose to review how industry 4.0 and its components who effectively affect the manufacturing sector, the paper also review the additive manufacturing who enable industry 4.0 in real time

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ELECTRIC VEHICLE CHARGERS (EVSE) AND THEIR STATIONS WITH BUSINESS MODEL FOR INDIA[ ]


This paper review the overview of the electric vehicle chargers (EVSE) and business model become trending issue in Indian market. Electric vehicle is type of vehicle which takes power from a rechargeable energy storage device. The rechargeable storage device is charged with the help of EV chargers (EVSE). EVSE is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC) energy to regulated direct current (DC) for replenishing the energy storage device. EV chargers are divided into two main categories: conductive (wired charging) and inductive charging (wireless charging). In India there are inductive chargers for now. In this paper, EV chargers methods, charging levels, charging modes and future business model are explained clearly

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Effect of coolant temperature on performance and emissions characteristics of I.C. engines: A Review[ ]


Cooling systems of conventional engines are designed for full load operating conditions but these engines most of the times operate at part load conditions, so a significant portion of thermal energy of the fuel is lost in cooling. Various engine parameters like warm up time, performance and emission are affected by the coolant temperature. This paper presents a critical review of significant studies that are relevant to effects of coolant temperature on performance and emissions. In addition, this paper reviews the published results and discussions on the heat transfer intensification methods including changing of fins design, increasing fin surface roughness and introducing perforation in case of air cooled engine. From this review, it has been observed that increasing coolant temperature had a significant effect on reducing the emissions e.g. O2 and CO. Increasing the coolant temperature also decreases the fuel consumption rate, warm up time at time the brake thermal efficiency increases. In contrast, NOx emission was observed to increase in case of increasing coolant temperature. Thus it could be concluded that the engine should be cooled up to a certain limit as over cooling as well as under cooling, both are disadvantageous.

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SIX SIGMA: GREEN BELT AND BLACK BELT[ ]


This paper is introduced the six sigma, green belt and black belt. The term “Six sigma” how originate. What is need six sigma and how affect the factor of quality improvement. It’s applications in various fields like in manufacturing, automotive, telecommunication. This paper can help serve as a foundation for developing scientific knowledge about six sigma

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Multiple Effect Vertical Diffusion Stills – Areview[ ]


Availability of good quality drinking water is becoming a serious global problem. The situation is worse in electricity deficient and non-electrified areas. Therefore, economical and indigenous technologies are required to suit local conditions. Solar distillation is the earliest water purification technique that produces ultrapure water. However, due to the low productivity of solar stills, potable water is far from the reach of the common man. With the advent of Multiple Effect Diffusion Still (MEDS), researchers have been able to solve this problem to an extent. MEDS is not only capable of producing high yield but it also produces distillate efficiently. This paper presents a critical review of various designs of Multiple Effect Diffusion Stills

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Recent Development in Renewable Energy of India[ ]


India have a huge supply of Renewable resources, it is the only country who have an exclusive ministry for Renewable energy, the Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources (MNES). In year 2006 MNES was renamed by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE). India have four renewable Sources which are available in India Hydro Power, Solar Power, Wind Power and Biomass Power. The Government of India and it state Government had released many Policy for Promotion and development of Renewable energ

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Ni & Ti based high temprature resistant material and its application: A Review[ ]


:This paper presents an overview of high temperature resistance material properties and its applications. There are many alloys developed for high temperature resistance but out of majority of high temperature resistance alloys Ni & Ti taken under consideration due to the fact that both alloys are high corrosion alloys and both have the applications in aerospace industries. These alloys are widely used as high temperature material for turbine blades in aerospace industry and land base applications. Nickel based alloys have poor machinability. After discussing about Nickel based alloy in this review paper we discussed about the Titanium alloys also which are also used as a high temperature alloys also. The addition of Silicon in titanium alloysincreases the strength of these alloys rapidly

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Optimal selection of process parameters in FDM machine for surface roughness of PLA material[ ]


In today’s growing market most emerging manufacturing technology is rapid prototyping and aim of this technology is to satisfy the customer with good surface quality and dimensional precision. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is rapid prototyping technology, produces the 3D part from wax or plastic. But to attain the good surface quality and dimensional precision requires a good-skilled operator to set optimum input parameters. For modeling parts, printing head moves precisely overbuild platform according to layer by layer. However, determining the optimum parameters level is not an effortless task. This paper deals with the optimizing the i/p parameters to get minimum surface roughness of PLA manufactured parts by response surface methodology (RSM). The design of the experiment is based on a full factorial design by taking printing velocity, printing temperature and layer thickness as i/p parameters. Printing velocity 50 mm/s, printing temperature 205.01 0C, and layer thickness 0.2 mm is the optimum grouping of parameters for minimum surface roughness of 0.0510 micrometers.

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Improving the Efficiency of Personal Care Liquids Line in a Company to Reach World Class Manufacturing[ ]


Most of the companies are seeking to reach to World Class Manufacturing (WCM) by improving their production lines, and increasing the lines' efficiency. WCM can be reached by using Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), Six Sigma, and Lean methods. This review paper shows which is the best method to improve line efficiency and eliminate wastes of any production line to reach WCM. Several studies and researches especially for Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies showed that implementing lean methods and tools has been successful in dealing with low efficiency lines issue.

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Review of optimization of manpower and increasing line productivity [ ]


Maximizing the use of recourses is a goal that every company wishes to achieve. This paper seeks to find effective methods and techniques used in optimizing manpower and increasing line productivity. For manpower optimization, lean methods provide multiple solutions to optimize the workers, Standardized Work Combination Table (SWCT) and Eliminate, Combine, Rearrange and Simplify (ECRS) are used to provide continues improvements any different tasks. To insure having an optimized workforce, defining the needed number of workers is one of the important tasks and tools like Man-to-Machine Ratio and Takt time are used to set the required number. For line productivity, Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) is commonly used to measure the productivity of a planned production time

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Identification of Microvariables for SUPPLY Chain Management practices in context of Flexible system in Indian Gas industry[ ]


The paper describes a set of micro variables for the Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices in perspective of flexible system (FS) practices and sets them into different categories for Indian gas industry. Based on a detailed analysis of literature, thirty two micro variables were identified and an arranged in a questionnaire form varying from junior to senior level of managers from different sectors of gas industry. A total of 325 valid responses were received in questionnaire form and rated on likert scale and other tests were done in order to check the consistency of the data. Confirmatory Factor analysis is done on SCM practices in context of FS Practices. Later the study was done to treasure their importance in emerging Indian gas industry. This work can help Indian gas sector supervisors and leaders to recognize the significance of SCM practices in terms of FS practices.

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Fabrication and Testing of Solar Smart Bicycle[ ]


The rapidly increasing prices of petroleum and diesel have made the role of alternative energy sources for vehicles more significant. Furthermore, the emission of poisonous gases from different types of vehicles has become highly detrimental to the health of the beings. For this reason, it is the right time to look for more economic friendly fuel sources. In this paper attempt has been made to design and prepare a self-charging electric bicycle consisting solar panel. Solar energy can be utilized which is available free of cost to charge the batteries. The BLDC (Brushless DC) motor to convert the electrical energy into rotations of wheel and to convert and store the same rotation energy into electrical energy we have employed dynamos. By this paper, the solar smart bicycle speed is 19 km/hr at plain road and at incline road the speed is litter decrease to 17 km/hr

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