ICCOMET 2019:International Conference on Communication, Optical and Microelectronics

"ICCOMET 2019 Conference Papers "

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A review paper on Cryptography and Image steganography[ ]


Invisible Image Steganography is secret embedding scheme for hiding of secret image into cover image file and the purpose of invisible steganography is secret data communication and copyrights protection. Image Steganography have research challenges for increasing robustness against visual attacks and statistical attacks. Wavelet transformation based Image Steganography techniques provide better robustness for statistical attacks in comparison to Discrete Cosine Transform domain and Spatial Domain based Image Steganography. The combined technique of DWT and DCT provides advantages of both techniques. We have proposed 4x4 block based dwt-dct transformation steganography scheme which provide better imperceptibility for gray scale and colored images both.

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A brief review on materials, structures and thin film solar cell[ ]


The eco friendly nature, abundance and easy availability of renewable solar energy have made solar electricity production viable. The total solar irradiation that reaches to the earth is more than sufficient to full fill the energy demand of human being for a whole year. The c-Silicon, microcrystalline silicon are the leader in solar PV segment. The thin film materials are promising with CIGS being important one. The spectrum splitting method to harness more solar energy gives enhanced energy efficiency. This paper discusses about the materials and basic solar cell techniques.

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Hybrid Optimization of Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform for Enhancement of Low Light Images[ ]


In low light situation, the dynamic range of the occupied image is low due to the distortion of the contrast and results in heavy noise planes. So an efficient approach is needed to increase the performance in low intensity scenarios. In this paper, the authors have tried for optimizing the situation for the low intensity images using filtering and optimization approach. Firstly, the image is pre-processed using the bilateral filtering and then the complex wavelet transform is performed for the normalization. Optimization is achieved by hybridization of Ant Colony (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to reduce the mean square error (MSE) rate and achieving high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). Using this approach we are getting very good result with enhanced quality parameters like Peak Signal to Noise Ratio, Mean Square Error, Discrete Entropy(DE) and Absolute Mean Brightness Error (AMBE) in addition to Colorfulness. PSNR gets improved by 14.26 dB, MSE by 6.28, DE by 1.44, AMBE by 5.49, and Colorfulness by 11.266.

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Smart Helmet (IoT Based)[ ]


This paper gives description of a smart helmet which is based on IOT system to avoid accidents during vehicle riding results due to recklessness of riders towards helmet as it won’t allow the vehicle to start until the riders wears the helmet. It consist of two modules one for the bike and other for the helmet. The bike module will act as a server and the helmet module will act as a client and the modules will act as an aggregated system when proper connectivity is established between the server and client module. As soon as the wi-fi connection is interrupted the bike will stop passing current to the ignition coil and hence stop it’s functioning.

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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE CHARACTERISTIC OF THE RECTANGULAR WAVEGUIDE ON THE BASIS OF DIMENSION, FREQUENCY AND MODE[ ]


The open-finished rectangular waveguide attributes alongside field conveyances for various modes, recurrence and measurement are numerically evaluated utilizing HFSS programming when it is in free space. An air-filled Rectangular waveguide WR-90 with dimension a × b (a>b). Initial Four modes (TE01, TE20, TE10, and TE11) are incorporated at the port in the examination. In these paper similar investigations of trademark impedance, prorogation consistent along the length of rectangular waveguide with basic four modular disseminations has been finished. Recreation investigation is completed for C, X and Ku band. This can be useful in manufacturing this present reality segment utilizing rectangular waveguide.

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GeoSolar Cold Storage[ ]


This is a Cold Storage system using Geothermal and Solar Energy that can be used for the storage of anything at any specific temperature at any specific humidity. In this context, the claimed idea is created and prototype will be developed soon. It is a storage facility where the temperature, humidity, radiation, pressure etc. are controlled as per requirement. In this the geothermal energy will be used for the initial temperature control. Later the cooling is done by Air conditioner systems which are being run on solar power. And the cooling of their compressor will be done be geothermal energy. It can store various products or anything related to agriculture and food products up to duration in food grade quality. It will be equipped with electronic sensors, machinery, supporting systems as described and as per requirement. It is a completely eco friendly storage facility using totally non-conventional energy sources for running and operation. It can be installed at the remote locations at low scale too. This will directly benefit to the farmer and Agriculture society too. The proposed work aims to move the storage facility beyond the conventional and expensive traditional storages. It can be developed and deployed to provide affordable, clean, safe, reliable, sustainable and expandable storage facility for mankind especially for agriculture industry.

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Performance Evaluation of Line of Sight (LoS) in Mobile Ad hoc Networks[ ]


The era of multimedia communication is a major part and partial of each and every user life each task now depends very much on the internet. Line-of-sight is the biggest problem many are facing, while using Internet. In particular, the problem of mobile station tracking at various base stations is considered.The data is transferred more quickly in a flat area where there is no obstacles. If there were obstacles in between the mobile station and the base station, there will lot of inefficiency in data transfer. The overview of Line-of-Sight in mobile adhoc networks, various problems that arise and impairment concerned with Line of sight are deliberated in this paper. The various QoS parameters are considered for the evaluation of LoS in mobile ad hoc networks with and without obstacles.

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Power Transmission Line Fault Location based on Travelling Wave using Wavelet Transform[ ]


With the fast expansion of electrical power systems, accurate and fast fault location is important for the permanence and dependability of the power transmission system. The transmission lines contain overhead conductors which are exposed to the environment. This exposure to the harsh environmental conditions is the foremost factor for incidence of faults on the transmission lines. In this work, a travelling wave based method for fault location on power transmission line is proposed. In this method, the fault generated high-frequency current transients are transformed into their modal components using Clarke’s transform, after that the discrete wavelet transform is used to extract the fault feature out of it. The differences among recorded travelling wave arrival times at the bus terminal are used to calculate the fault location. In addition, the influence of fault resistance and fault distances are also considered. The simulation of the transmission system and post fault analysis has been performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The simulation results confirm that the performance of the travelling wave technique for fault location is satisfactory.

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REVIEW OF OPPORTUNISTIC COMMUNICATION IN UAV ASSISTED WSN[ ]


Wireless Sensor networks comprise of battery limited sensor nodes. These networks use clustering and other routing protocols such as AODV to transfer data to the sink node. UAV in recent times have found their use in data collection from sensor nodes, as a measure to increase their lifetime.Opportunistic Routing, another kind of routing technique that aims at reliable delivery of data by considering benefits of overhearing wireless signals, has been discussed in this paper. In this approach, data is sent to multiple neighbors rather than single neighbor as equated to other routing techniques. This paper explores various opportunistic routing techniques for wireless sensor networks that aims at improving performance of the network.

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Simulation of Ultrahigh-Speed Optical Logic Gates Using SOA-MZI Structure[ ]


This whole work includes simulation of XOR, AND and NOR gate using of nonlinear element in Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach Zehnder Interferometer structure. Four-wave mixing (FWM) and Cross-gain modulation (XGM) and Cross-phase modulation (XPM) and a detuning optical bandpass filter are also used to achieve the ultrafast speed of logic gates which can operate at 10Gbit/sec. Due to nonlinearity in semiconductor optical amplifier, it changes the refractive index and provides a high gain with ultrahigh speed. Thus realization of these logic gates at 10Gbit/sec will increase the super high-speed operation for optical signal processing operations in the future.

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Energy-hole reduction scheme in Wireless sensor network[ ]


In wireless sensor network, so many sensors are present and these sensors are arranged in different-different topology. Some sensors are arranged in flat topology. WSN have sensor nodes and sink node. Sensor which are near to sink need more energy than in compare of sensors that are far away from the sink and as energy exhausted, these sensor node get die and energy hole is established near the sink. So that other sensor can not transfer their data to the sink node and network arrangement get disconnected. By this even if so many sensors still have a lot energy but they cant be used because network get disconnected. So by energy hole, network lifetime get reduced and network lifetime is a crucial issue for WSN. Because energy of sensor nodes are limited. Sensor nodes are powered by batteries and these battery powered sensor collect the information from the environment and send this collected information to sink node. For the network lifetime improvement and to balance the energy consumption we have to find the solution for energy hole problem. Many researches are trying to eliminate this problem but 100 % elimination is not possible. This is inevitable but we can minimize it to some extent. So many methods and techniques developed and tried to minimize this energy hole. Since the energy resources (battery) limited in sensor network, proper selection of clustering method, proper selection of routing is very important to improve the efficiency and lifetime of network. Here, we will discuss some method that try to eliminate the problem and to enhance the lifetime of network.

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An Analysis on Photonic Crystal: Arrangment And Utilization[ ]


Photonic crystals are higher class of optical media. It has some natural or artificial structure lattices with periodic changes in refractive index. This gives it some peculiar properties; hence provide us with opportunities for a number of implementations to be carried out. Coherent nature of light is being fully employed by photonic crystal and thus led to a series of experimentation and promise to a new era for the development of optical circuits. In today’s era, the photonic crystal is an attracting technology which provides advanced mechanism in order to manipulate the photons. The concept behind photonic crystal is the anomalous absorption of light in a non-Uniform medium. In this paper, we review the early inspiration for photonic crystal. The classification and application of photonic crystal have also been described in the paper.

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Optoelectronic devices-application of Nanotechnology-a review[ ]


This paper is a review of fundamental principle of optoelectronics and its applications, nanotechnology and its growth are highlighted. Various properties of Nanomaterials for development of optoelectronics have been studied. Nanomaterial fabrication techniques are studied also the effect of nanonmaterial alloys on improvement of quantum efficiency is studied. Limitations of nanotechnology for optoelectronics devices as well future optoelectronic is also discussed in the paper.

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A Survey on Routing Protocol and Wireless Sensor Network[ ]


Remote Sensor Networks (WSN) are exceedingly disseminated self sorted out frameworks. The essential thought of sensor arrange is to scatter modest detecting gadgets; which are fit for detecting a few changes of episodes and speaking with different gadgets, spread over a particular geographic region for some particular purposes like ecological observing, reco n-naissance, target following and so on. The remote correspondence innovation consideration additionally brings about different kinds of security dangers. WSN are utilized as a part of assortment of fields which incorporates military, medicinal services ,ecological, natural, home and other bu siness applications. With the colossal progression in the field of implanted PC and sensor innovation, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which is made out of a few a huge number of sensor hubs which are fit for detecting, impelling, and handing off the gathe red data, have had momentous effect all around. This paper additionally portrays the examination challenges.

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High Air Pressure Auto Stop Wind Machine[ ]


High Air Pressure using microcontroller and wind sensor.In normal small windmills when air is flowing with high pressure either blade of mill or the base is broken. This is because of high air pressure or wrong direction of air flow. To prevent these losses we are trying to make a wind mill which will stop by changing pitch angle of blades so that break will prevent it from damage to blades and base of mill.In this windmill we will use Anemometer as wind sensor which will sense air pressure and speed of air. If speed will increase or direction will change, microcontroller will sense it and motor controller IC will change blade angle by rotating motors connected to individual blades.

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Review: Nonlinear fiber optics and its applications in holey fibers [ ]


With the sudden increase in demand and high data transmission speed, the requirement to use optical communication technology is also increasing. In the recent optical communication applications, supercontinuum generation (SCG) has given evidence of utility. Holes or microstructured optical fiber (MOF) plays a very advanced role in the implementation of SCG due to lack of power required. SCG is obtained when an ultra-short laser pulse passes through excessive nonlinear spectral broadening to produce broadband. Continuous production of Spectral is a result of inter-action between high-order dispersion and various non-linear processes. In this article, discussing the MOF and the recent application of Supercontinuum generation and its scope.

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STUDY OF 4G MOBILE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM[ ]


The development of broadband wireless access technologies in recent years was the result of growing demand for mobile Internet and wireless multimedia applications. Mobile communication plays a most important role in telecommunications industry. Through a common wide-area radio-access technology and flexible network architecture WiMAX and LTE has enabled convergence of mobile and fixed broadband networks. Since January 2007, the IEEE 802.16 Working Group has been developing a new amendment of the IEEE802.16 standard (i.e., IEEE 802.16m) as an advanced air interface to meet the requirements of ITU-R/IMT-advanced for 4G systems as well as for the next-generation mobile network operators. Next fourth generation (4G) mobile technology, promises the full mobility with high speed data rates and high-capacity IP-based services and applications while maintaining full backward compatibility. This paper explores 4G wireless system, its features and technologies to fulfill its requirement.

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A Review of Fiber Tapping Mechanisms[ ]


Nowadays technology has increased the data rate with high speed of reliable data transmission both for domestic security and network centric operations and makes secure communications is a critical issue of present day security It is also possible to successfully tap an optical signal, if detection and or prevention mechanisms are not actively integrated into network management.Mean while fiber optic cables are having huge bandwidth, large data rate and immune to typical interference issues.This paper focus on quantifying the loss required to successfully tap a signal propagating in a fiber and analyzing the properties of the techniques that could be used to detect a fiber splitting and bending.

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Development of an Improved Adaptive Switching Approach for Impulse Noise Reduction in Magnetic Resonance (MR) Images[ ]


Controlling the density of the impulse noise in an image is an upcoming area on which number of researchers are working in medical imaging applications. In this paper, region of interest (ROI) in an image is examined for extreme intensity to classify the image as noisy or noiseless. The filtration process is applied to the pixels which are noisy in nature only and this is further made efficient and optimized by means of swarm intelligence approach. The window size of the adaptive filter depends on the projected noise concentration. The proposed approach is tested on the medical as well as normal images at varying noise density from 10% to 60%. This paper comprises of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and median filter in collaboration with optimization. The simulation work has been carried out in MATLAB 2016b environment. The proposed approach is able to achieve high performance in terms of the mean square error (MSE) rate and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). The outcome of this research will help doctors in the medical science for the analysis of diseases in more accurate manner.

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A study on underwater image enhancement using histogram equalization [ ]


The Most and important attributes to acquire, extract more information of under water images are color and contrast. But max of the underwater images are influenced from low illumination due to sea depth and color decrement. This research paper main focused on brief knowledge of many Histogram based equalization techniques for increasing the color and contrast of under water images. In this paper we will study of Histogram equalization (HE), Adaptive Histogram equalization (AHE) and (CLAHE) techniques. By comparing the experimental research and results the CLAHE technique of histogram give better results

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A Review on Dispersion in Various Photonic Crystal Fibre[ ]


This paper summarises dispersion characteristics of various geometrical configuration of Photonic crystal fibre. These geometrical configuration include square, circular, hexagonal, octagonal and decagonal Pcf. It discusses the effects of change in air hole diameter, hole to spacing and various other parameters on dispersion of fibre. It uses silica as its base material with refractive index 3.46. A comparative study is done so as to understand characteristic features of different geometry based photonic crystal fibres. Our aim is to understand the importance of these particular geometries based fibres for designing specific photonic crystal fibres that can be used for a particular function.

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Prevention of Black Hole Attacks in MANETs[ ]


A network is a structure in which more than two (or Two) computer systems are connected together with wires or without wires. Mobile Ad-Hoc networks (MANETs) are independent and decentralized networks. MANETs consists of mobile nodes that are free to move in and out of the network. Any of these nodes can act as a host/router or it can act both at the same time. They can be deployed into the network at any time as they do not need any communications. Many routing protocols have been structured for MANETS, i.e. (Ad Hoc on Demand Distance Vector) AODV, (Dynamic Source Routing) DSR etc. In this paper we have projected a resolution to detect and prevent multiple Black Holes in a network and find a protected way to transfer data from source to destination node.

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