ICANAS 2019: International conference on Advances in Natural and Applied Science

"ICANAS 2019 Conference Papers "

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Transferring of Graphene Obtained on Copper Foil by Chemical Vapour Deposition(CVD) Technique and Investigation of Its Optical, Structural and Characteristic Parameters[ ]


Abstract— In this study, graphene was obtained on copper foil using methane 250/1000 sccm and hidrogene 500/1000 sccm gases by CVD technique at 1000 oC. Graphene obtained on copper foil was etched in iron chloride prepared with deionized water and rinsed in 3 different containers for half an hour. Decomposing of graphene from the copper foil was transffered from the glass and silicon substrate. And than structural, optical and chracteristical parameters of graphene was investagated. For optical, structural and characteristic properties of graphene was used respectively Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry, Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM) and Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffractometer.

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Examination of some basic electrical properties of Au/p-Si/Al, Au/GO/p-Si/Al and Au/Au-RGO/p-Si/Al structures[ ]


Abstract— To examine the effects of GO and Au-RGO interface layers on Schottky diode parameters, Au/p-Si/Al, Au/GO/p-Si/Al and Au/Au-RGO/p-Si/Al structures were fabricated at room temperature, respectively. Graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide with Au nanoparticles (Au-RGO) thin films were grown on polished surfaces of chemically cleaned p-Si semiconductor parts by the spin coating technique at 1000 rpm for 1 min, respectively. The GO and Au-RGO were synthesized using graphite powder by modified Hummer’s method. Before the GO and Au-RGO thin films were deposited, the ohmic contacts were made to p-Si semiconductors with Al metal. Au metal on the GO, Au-RGO thin films and p-Si was evaporated in vacuum and thus the Au/p-Si/Al, Au/GO/p-Si/Al and Au/Au-RGO/p-Si/Al structures were obtained. The diameter of the circular gold contacts was determined as 1 mm. By using the current-voltage measurements taken at room temperature, rectifying ratio, interface state density and series resistance values of diodes with and without interfacial layer were calculated by means of thermionic emission method. The results were compared and interpreted.

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Determination of Gamma Ray Buildup Factors of Some Enzyme Inhibitors [ ]


Abstract— Gamma ray energy absorption and exposure buildup factors for Sulindac, Sodium valproate, Etoposide and Roscovitine were calculated using the five parameters (G-P) fitting method. In the calculation, the gamma ray energy absorption and exposure buildup factor values were evaluated in the energy range from 0.015 MeV to 15 MeV up to 40 mfp penetration depths. In has been onserved that the buildup factor values change with gamma ray energy values, mean free paths and chemical composition of enzyme inhibitors. As seen from results, Roscovitine has generally the biggest values of the absorption and exposure buildup factors.

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Genotoxicity Evaluation of the Vitex agnus-castus L. Essential Oil with the Yeast DEL Assay[ ]


Abstract— The chasteberry (Vitex agnus-castus, VAC), which is endemic to Mediterranean Europe, is a member of the genus Vitex of Verbenaceae family. Its essential oil contains 1, 8-cineole, a-pinene, a-terpinyl acetate, (Z) ß-farnesene and this rich content of bioactive compounds makes this plant valuable for use in therapeutical applications. VAC has mostly been used in the treatment of women complaints such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and also due to the chemopreventive, immunomodulatory, tumoricidal, antimicrobial, antiepileptic and anti-inflammatory activites. Prior to using a plant material for any medicinal purposes it should be investigated that whether it has any negative effects on human health. Genotoxicity is one of the aspects that should be examined in this context and this term indicates the changes of DNA molecules in cells because of the various chemical, physical and biological factors. In order to evaluate the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of the chemical substances or herbal extracts, the short-term genotoxicity test systems can be used. The yeast DEL assay is relatively more economical and advantageous of all, because it produces fast and reliable results. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of VAC essential oil in order to perform its safety assessment with the yeast DEL assay. For this purpose, the essential oil of VAC was extracted by Clevenger distillation method and its genotoxic properties were tested at 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 µl/plate concentrations by using RS112 strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. According to the results, none of the tested concentrations showed any mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on eukaryotic yeast cells. In conclusion, the results have showed that the essential oil of VAC is genotoxically safe but the other toxicity and safety tests should be carried out to prove that it has not any adverse effects on human health.

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Improving Neutron and Gamma Radiation Shielding Properties of Polysiloxane /Cr2O3 –Fe2O3 Added Composite Material[ ]


Abstract- Polysiloxanes (C8H24O4Si4) are used commonly due to low and high temperature performance, electrical insulation or in high resistance to weathering and chemical corrosion in area such as textile industry, cosmetics, medical/pharmaceutical preparations, paper coatings, defoamers, paints, coatings, waxes, mechanical fluids. The polysiloxanes to use in the radiation shielding field, in this study, eight different composite shield materials have been developed and produced. To increasing radiation shielding capacities of composite materials certain proportions Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 have been add. Mixing ratios of composite materials have been determined by using the GEANT4 code of the Monte Carlo simulation program. Neutron shielding parameter the total macroscopic cross section have been theoretically calculated by using GEANT4 simulation code. In addition to, experimental absorbed dose measurements have been carried out by using 4.5 MeV energy 241Am-9Be neutron source and BF3 gas detector. To determined gamma radiation shielding parameters, the mass, linear attenuation coefficient and half-value layer (HVL) have been calculated by using VinXCom software. Obtained results have been compared with paraffin, conventional concrete. The results show that both absorbed ability radiation of new composites much better than these reference materials and with the the increment of Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 added, shielding properties increase.

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Isolation and Identification of Bacteria with Silicium Dissolution Ability from Boron Clay [ ]


Abstract— Boron is a naturally found ore in some soils, sedimentary rocks and oceans. Boron has been widely used in production of glass and ceramics, insulation fiberglass, textile fiberglass, glass, enamels, glazes, detergents, bleaches, alloys, metals, fire retardants, agricultural fertilizer, adhesives and various chemicals. The fundamental boron reserves are located in Turkey (72% of), Russia, Chile, China and Peru. About 50% of the boron reserves of Turkey is found in Emet and Hisarcik Region. Bor mineral supplied from Emet-Hisarcik Region is defined cholemanite. After enrichment process of colemanite, half of the ore emerges as waste. However, there are very valuable trace elements such as lithium, rubidium, cesium, titanium in colemanite wastes. To obtain these valuable trace elements, the silisium in the ore has to be dissolved. In this study, it is aimed to isolate and identified the bacteria with silisium dissolution ability from boren clay. According to the results of the study, the bacteria were identified as Enterobacter sp. strain, Klebsiella sp., Leclercia sp., Leclercia adecarboxylata by PCR of 16S rDNA gene region. This is the first study to isolate and identified bacteria with silisium dissolution ability from boron reserves. In the further study, it is planned to apply the isolated bacteria on boron clay for recovery of the trace elements by nature friendly method.

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Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort Analysis of Traditional Diyarbakir Inn[ ]


Abstract—The traditional structures of Diyarbakir is reflect centuries of Mesopotamian culture interms of planning. Beside the walls of Diyarbakir, many buildings and traditional houseswere built with the most suitable materials and components depending on the climaticcharacteristics. It is easy to recycle to the environment because it is made of naturalmaterials and the design in which it conforms to the climatic and geographical structureof the environment in which it is located. In addition, it accommodates ecological andsustainable design criteria with its structure providing comfortable indoor environmentsthat can heat and cool without requiring additional measures. Nowadays, energy efficiencyand thermal comfort analyzes of these designs have been made with the engineeringsimulation program Autodesk Ecotect Analysis. In this study, thermal analysis and solarintensity of Sülüklü Han which was built in 1680 in different days, months and seasonswere investigated. National (BEPY) and international (ASHRAE) standards were evaluatedand simulated as a result of the simulations. Because fossil fuels have come to the end.With this study, energy efficiency of traditional buildings will be examined and energyefficiency will be provided for new buildings. Thus, maximum utilization of solar energy willbe achieved and energy saving will be achieved

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Neutron and Gamma Radiation Dose Transmission Measurements for New Refractory Heavy Concrete Samples Including MgO-Cr2O3-Fe2O3[ ]


Abstract - Radiation is used in the industry, medicine and especially nuclear power plants, etc. In the nuclear energy plant is working at the very high temperatures due to fission reactor concepts and fast neutron spectra so high resistance temperature materials have an important role in the shielding studies. To be used as radiation shielding in the nuclear power plants, in this study five different concentration new refractory heavy concrete samples have been designed and produced. Natural MgO-Cr2O3-Fe2O3 have been used in production of the samples. Mixing ratios have been determined by Monte Carlo simülation program Geant4 code. Fast neutron total macroscopic cross section has been calculated by Geant4 code. Moreover neutron absorbed dose measurements have been carried out by using average 4.5 MeV energy 241Am-9Be fast neutron source BF3 gas detector. Gamma radiation the mass attenuation coefficient (MACs), mean free path (MFPs) and half-value layer (HVL) have been calculated at the 0.1-15 MeV energy range by VinXCom software. High temperature resistance of the samples has been tested at 600-1100 0C. The results have been compared with paraffin, conventional concrete and hematite heavy concrete. According to these reference samples, the new refractory heavy concrete samples have the high absorption ability for both fast neutron and gamma radiation. Thus, this new samples can be used to shielding studies radiation applications. Index Terms—Heavy concrete; gamma; neutron cross section; Geant 4 Monte Carlo code

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Time-Based Analysis of the Characteristic Parameters of AuAgCu(2:1:1)/n-Si, AuAgCu(1:2:1)/n-Si and AuAgCu(1:1:2)/n-Si Junctions[ ]


Abstract— AuAgCu (2: 1: 1), AuAgCu (1: 2: 1) and AuAgCu (1: 1: 2) alloys were prepared using Au, Ag and Cu metals by thermal evaporation technique. n-Si semiconductor wafer was used as base material in the fabrication of junctions. The one side of the chemically cleaned n-Si semiconductor wafer, ohmic contact was made with Ti metal. Then the semiconductor was divided into three parts. On the other side of the n-Si semiconductor substrates, these alloys were evaporated and AuAgCu(2:1:1)/n-Si/Ti, AuAgCu(1:2:1)/n-Si/Ti and AuAgCu(1:1:2)/n-Si/Ti junctions were obtained, respectively. These three samples were placed in the sample holders to determine the characteristic parameters as a function of aging time, and the current voltage (I-V) measurements at room temperature and in the dark were performed at certain time periods (immediate, 1st, 7th, 15th, 30th, 90th, 180th and 365th day). The characteristic parameters such as ideality factor (n), barrier height (Fb), series resistance (Rs) and leakage current (I0) of these junctions were examined by time with the help of thermionic emission theory.

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Electrical Characteristic of Au/Graphene/p-Si/Al Schottky Diode Depend on Annealing Temperature[ ]


Abstract— In this work, graphene, growth with Chemical Vapour Deposition was transferred on p-Si substrate. In order to get Au/graphene/p-Si/Al Schottky diode, firstly ohmic contact and then schottky contacts were obtained. To observe electrical charactersitic of Au/graphene/p-Si/Al structure was annealed from 150 to 300 oC by 50 oC steps. I-V characteristics of Au/graphene/p-Si/Al was investigated for each annealing temperature. Than the basic parameters of Au/graphene/p-Si/Al Schottky diode was calculated using the Norde and thermo ionic emission theory.

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MAGIC-Type Polymer Gel for Three-Dimensional Dosimetry in Radiotherapy[ ]


Abstract— During the radiotherapy, it is only possible to determine whether or not the prescribed dose is delivered to the tumor and whether the critical organs exceed the tolerance doses by dosimetric control of the dose calculation algorithms of the treatment planning systems. Nowadays, dosimeter systems such as point (ion chambers, TLDs, diodes) or planar dose measurement (such as radiochromic film or 2D diode array) are used in clinics. With these dosimetric systems, point or planar dose measurement is possible.Radiotherapy, a three-dimensional treatment approach using more than one beam that is not in the same plane, requires dosimetric systems that can show three-dimensional (3D) dose distributions. For this reason, studies on three dimensional dose measurements by using different gel compounds, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are being carried out. In this study we used a new formulation of polymer gel dosimeter, MAGIC (Methacrylic and Ascorbic acid in Gelatin Initiated by Copper). It has been developed that responds well in normal atmosphere to produce dosimeter gels, an aqueous solution of gelatin, open to the atmosphere, is mixed with methacrylic acid, copper(II) ions, ascorbic acid and hydroquinone. The gel was irradiated using a linear accelarator and MR images of gel dosimeters are taken with 1.5T MR device.

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Calculation of Electrical Parameters of The Ag/SnO 2 /n InP/In Schottky Diode[ ]


Abstract— Tin oxide (SnO 2 ) belongs to the II VI semiconductor family with a wide band gap of 3.5 eV. It has been reveale d that SnO 2 is n type direct band semiconductor. In this study, we have investigated the el ectrical characteristics of Ag/ SnO 2 /n InP/ In Schottky diode by using current voltage ( I V ) and capacitance voltage ( C V ) techniques at room temperature. Initi ally, the ohmic contact has been made on n InP semiconductor with In metal. After this process the Tin oxide (SnO 2 ) interface layer was grown with dc magnetic sputter technique on the n InP semiconductor substrate, and then the contact area is determin ed by sputtered Ag metal to surface of InP in DC sputtering system at about 10 6 Torr. The I V and C V measurements of diode performed by the u se of a KEITLEY 487 Picoammeter / Voltage Source and HP 4192A (50 13 MHz) LF Impedance Analyzer at room temperatu re and in dark, respectively. The electrical parameters of this diode such as ideality factor and the barrier height values are calculated from I V measurements and the carrier concentration, Fermi energy and the diffusion potential and barrier height valu es were extracted from reverse bias C 2 V measurements at various frequencies and room temperature by using thermionic emission theory.

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Calculation of Absorption Parameters for Some Selected Minerals in the Energy Range of 1 KeV to 100 GeV[ ]


Abstract— Theoretical information about the absorption parameters for different material is very useful for the different research areas such as trace element analysis, medicine, physics, environmental science, etc. In this study, mass attenuation coefficients, molecular cross sections, atomic cross sections, electronic cross sections, effective atomic numbers and effective electron densities were calculated in the energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV for MnCO3, ZnCO3, SrCO3 and CdCO3. It has been observed that photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production process are predominate in different energy regions.

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Determination of Antigentoxic Properties of Friedelin, an Organic Compound[ ]


Abstract— The excess of side effects of chemical agents, the infections of antibiotic-resistant disease-causing microorganisms and the presence of antimicrobial activity have led to the search for many plant secondary metabolites. Initially, it was suggested that lichens were a plant, but later it turned out that there were no organisms on their own. They are symbiotic associations that combine fungi and algae to form a morphological and physiological whole. Friedelin is a triterpenoid, which is a special group of lichens and other secondary groups of plants that they specifically produce. It is aimed to find promising drug candidate molecules in many different diseases by investigating the antigenotoxic activity of friedelin. In this study, it was aimed to determine the antigenotoxic properties of the friedelin compound against genotoxic damage induced by AFB1 in human lymphocyte cells. Results: In our study, it was found that friedelin causes a decrease in micronucleus (MN) frequencies at increasing doses of 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 µg/mL, therefore, it can be evaluated that friedelin exhibits high antigenotoxicity.

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Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Effects [ ]


Abstract— Essential oils are hydrophobic, typically fragrant plant extracts. These oils are usually obtained by steam distillation and contain a number of terpene hydrocarbons. Essential oils can be obtained from any part of the plant. Since ancient ages, essential oils are used for upper respiratory tract infections, skin diseases, kidney stones, stomach and liver diseases, the treatment of parasitic diseases. Recently, the resistance of bacteria to antibiotics and the treatment of some infections led researchers to natural resources. Essential oils have bactericidal potential, namely their inhibition doses on microorganisms and their lethal doses are close. Therefore, it is promising especially in the elimination of bacteria with multiple antibiotic resistance. There are many studies on the antimicrobial effects of essential oils derived from various plant species. However, the antimicrobial effects of some plant families have proven to be stronger, such as, Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Lauraceae, Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Poaceae. They are effective among the microorganisms as S. aureus, E. coli, Klebsiella spp, Salmonella spp., P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni, C. albicans, Aspergillus spp, Cryptococcus spp and Fusarium spp. Studies on how essential oils kill organisms have revealed some ideas about their mechanisms. It has been reported that Gram (-) bacteria are more durable than Gram (+) to essential oils. In general, essential oils act by disrupting the cell membrane integrity of microorganisms. It has also been reported that they deform the intracellular structures depending on the dose and duration.

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Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Bacterial Strains with Magnesite Enrichment Potential from Gümüshane Soil[ ]


Abstract— Magnesite (MgCO3) is the most important source used in the production of pure magnesium and various magnesium components and has become an important economic element for countries due to its versatile industrial use. However, pollutants with calcium derivatives, depending on the geological characteristics of the region, significantly limits the use of mines. Enrichment studies using physical and chemical methods for the removal of calcium pollutants cause high cost, low efficiency and negative effects on the environment. Therefore, scientific communities have required to overcome the pollutant effects with newly developed approaches based on microorganisms. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from different regions of Gümüshane province and brought to the research laboratory aseptically to carry out bacterial isolation studies. In the laboratory, calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate dissolution potentials were tested for each isolate and isolates which were able to dissolve calcium carbonate but not magnesium carbonate were identified. Then, morphological, physiological and biochemical identification studies of active bacterial isolates were performed according to the general microbiology procedures. According to the results of the sequence data, active isolates MT 17 and MT 24 were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacillius sp., respectively. In conclusion, the results of this study clearly offer two valuable bacterial strain for the development of new microbiological based approaches to eco-friendly removal of calcium pollutants from the magnesite ores

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Microbial Enzymes in Detergents: A Review[ ]


Abstract— Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions. They are vital for all stages of biochemical reactions and catalyze the reactions inside and outside the cell. Enzymes convert specific substrate(s) into specific product(s) and they offer numerous advantages over traditional chemical processes with respect to sustainability and process efficiency. Certain enzymes are of great interest and are employed as biological catalysts in various processes on an industrial scale. Microorganisms are the favored source of these enzymes due to their high yields in a short period of time on cheap media, economic feasibility, ease of product purification and modification. Microbial enzymes have gained great interest for their active and stable natures and for their widespread uses in detergent, food, agriculture, paper, cosmetics, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries.

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Difference of Solar Chimney System Chimney Designs and Numerical Modeling in Collector Surface Areas[ ]


Abstract— In this study, numerical analysis in different designs has been developed for performance analysis of solar chimneys. The temperature and velocity values that affect the efficiency of solar chimney were analyzed for different chimney designs and collector surface areas. For chimney designs, 45o inclined, 75o cone and 75o V flue types were compared with the standard 90o flue type. In addition, the effects of collector surface area and chimney height on the system were investigated for vertical chimneys. The simulation of the Solar Chimney was performed with the Energy 2D program based on computational physics. In the simulations obtained, it was found that the chimney slope increased the air velocity value at the chimney inlet but no increase value was observed for the cone, V type and 450 inclined chimney types which is one of the most important parameters in determining the turbine power value. It was analyzed that the increase in collector surface area significantly increased the temperature and velocity values of the air flowing from the collector mouth inlet to the center. As a result, when the different chimney designs were compared, the most important factor affecting the performance of the solar chimney was the chimney length and the collector surface area. Index Terms— Solar energy, solar chimney, numerical modeling

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