IJSER Volume 1, Issue 3, December 2010
IJSER Xplore Research Paper Database
Mobile Controlled Robots for Regulating DC Motors and their Domestic Applications[Full-Text] [References]Suman Khakurel, Ajay Kumar Ojha, Sumeet Shrestha, Rasika N. Dhavse
Robotics and automation engrosses designing and implementation of prodigious machines which has the potential to do work too tedious, too precise, and too dangerous for human to perform. It also pushes the boundary on the level of intelligence and competence for many forms of autonomous, semi- autonomous and tele-operated machines. Intelligent machines have assorted applications in medicine, defence, space, under water exploration, disaster relief, manufacture, assembly, home automation and entertainment. Prime motive behind this project is to design and implement in hardware, a mobile controlled robotic system for maneuvering DC motors and remotely controlling the electric appliances. Mobile platform is to be in the form of a robot capable of standard locomotion in all directions. The robot can be operated in two ways; either by a call made to the mobile phone mounted on the robot or by communication with a computer through a wireless module. Signals from the receiver mobile phone are transformed into digital outputs with the assistance of a decoder. Microcontroller processes these decoded outputs and generates required signal to drive the dc motors. Outputs from the microcontroller are processed by the motor driver to get sufficient current for smooth driving of dc motors and electronic equipments. Consequently, motion of the robot can be regulated and the electric appliances can be controlled from a remote locality. Various levels of automation can be attributed to the robot by suitably modifying the programme loaded on the microcontroller chip.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
An FPGA Based Digital Controller for AC Loads Utilizing Half and Full Wave Cycle Control[Full-Text] [References]Shaiyek Md. Buland Taslim, Shaikh Md. Rubayiat Tousif
Voltage control for AC loads can be performed by controlling phase and cycles of AC voltages reaching load end. Cycle control tends to be more beneficial, as it reduces the amount of harmonic frequency in the circuit compared to phase control circuit. When a wave is passed in cycle control circuit, then either an entire half cycle or a complete full cycle is passed, hence eliminating the sharp change in the wave which is typical in phase control, causing harmonic frequency in the circuit. Cycle control is the most convenient process to control the output voltage for reducing RFI and this is the very approach that has been utilized in designing this project. This project utilized a voltage comparator to generate a digitized AC voltage and an SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier) to supply the required AC cycles to the load. The central controller was a digital controller, implemented in a Xilinx Spartan - 2 FPGA. The digital controller utilized a Finite State Machine (FSM) that took in digital AC signal and the desired percentage of load voltage. With this information it passed a certain number of half or full cycles to the load, at the same time ensuring that, number of these AC cycles satisfied users percentage requirement. The digital controller was modeled in VHDL (Hardware Description Language), synthesized with XST tool, placed and routed in a Xilinx Spartan- 2 FPGA (xc2S50 - pq208) in Xilinx ISE 9.1i WebPack design environment. The placed and routed designed was implemented in the Pegasus FPGA board from Digilent containing the above mentioned FPGA. The simulations and the outputs of the implemented hardware accorded with the expected outputs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Multilevel Inverters: A Comparative Study of Pulse Width Modulation Techniques[Full-Text] [References]B.Urmila, D.Subbarayudu
The multilevel inverter topology gives the advantages of usage in high power and high voltage application with reduced harmonic distortion without a transformer. This paper presents a comparative study of nine level diode clamped inverter for constant Switching frequency of sinusoidal Pulse width Modulation and sinusoidal Natural Pulse width Modulation with Switching frequency Optimal Modulation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Detecting Malicious Nodes For Secure Routing In MANETS Using Reputation Based Mechanism[Full-Text] [References]Santhosh Krishna B.V, Mrs.Vallikannu M.E
Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETS) are prone to a number of security threats. We incorporate our distributed reputation protocol within DSR and perform extensive simulations using a number of scenarios characterized by high node mobility, short pause time and highly sparse network in order to evaluate each of the design choices of our system. We focus on a single and multiple blackhole attacks but our design principles and results are applicable to a wider range of attacks such as grayhole, flooding attacks. Our implementation of blackhole comprises active routing misbehavior and forwarding misbehavior. We design and build our prototype over DSR and test it in NS-2 in the presence of variable active blackhole attacks in highly mobile and sparse networks.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Fault-tolerant Scheme for Routing Path Re-establishment for reliable communication in Heterogeneous Networks[Full-Text] [References]R.S. Shaji, Dr. R.S. Rajesh, B Ramakrishnan
In heterogeneous environments, devices accessible in different networks may help to provide new opportunities for utilizing new services when they are connected efficiently. In mobile ad hoc networks, it is very difficult in maintaining the links among the devices, because of the frequent change in the density of mobile devices, their various medium of access nature and their mobility. In this paper, we have considered various aspects of the occurrence of fault in the routing path by predicting in earlier. We have tested the path maintenance procedure using three fault occurring scenarios. Ours is a novel routing scheme named SFUSP (Self-eliminating Fault-tolerant based Un-interrupted reliable Service switching mobile Protocol) which is basically a proactive scheme with added functionalities like clustering and self-elimination. It is specially designed for establishing reliable route in the heterogeneous networks and senses the path link break in advance. Performance evaluation is done for routing metrics and fault-tolerant metrics compared with other protocols like AODV, DSR and OLSR under various mobility models like Random Waypoint, Brownian and Manhattan for different mac layers.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
On Common Fixed Point For Compatible mappings in Menger Spaces[Full-Text] [References]M. L. Joshi, Jay G. Mehta
In this paper the concept of compatible map in menger space has been applied to prove common fixed point theorem. A fixed point theorem for self maps has been established using the concept of compatibility of pair of self maps.In 1942 Menger has introduced the theory of prob-abilistic metric spaces in which a distribution function was used instead of non-negative real number as value of the metric. In 1966, Sehgal initiated the study of contraction mapping theorems in probabilistic metric spaces. Since then several generalizations of fixed point Sehgal and Bharucha-Reid, Sherwood, and Istrat-escu and Roventa have obtained several theorems in probabilistic metric space. The study of fixed point theorems in probabilistic metric spaces is useful in the study of existence of solutions of operator equations in probabilistic metric space and probabilistic functional analysis. In 2008, Altun and Turkoglu proved two common fixed point theorems on complete PM-space with an implicit relation.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sintered Properties of Aluminium Alloy for better Nano Tool Products[Full-Text] [References] DownloadRaji.K, S. Alfred Cecil Raj
The most important property of aluminium is its low specific gravity (2.7), high electrical and thermal conductivities, high ductility and corrosion resistance in various media. Aluminium has a face centered cubic crystal lattice whose constant depends upon its degree of purity. Moreover the mechanical properties of pure aluminium are not very high though it posses good ductility. When aluminium is added with copper, nickel, iron, silicon the mechanical properties will be increased. The present investigation explains how the mechanical properties of Al-Cu composition are increased and the effect of sintering on the above composition dominating. One of the advantages, of P/M is , metals and alloys in any proportion can be mixed together to manufacture articles of any desired shapes, in this respect process is not governed by the phase rule1 which is applicable to alloys manufactured by melting.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
General Pseudoadditivity of Kapur's Entropy Prescribed by the Existence of Equilibrium[Full-Text] [References]Priti Gupta, Vijay Kumar
In this paper, the concept of composibility of the total channel capacity of the system of channels composed of two independent subsystems of channel is discussed. This system of channels is a function of entropies of the subsystems. Here, we show that the generalized entropies, the Tsalli's entropy, the normalized Tsalli's entropy and the Kapur's entropy are compatible with the composition law and defined consistently with the condition of equilibrium and satisfies pseudo additivity.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------