1.1 INTRODUCTION:
Today every country draws its energy needs from a variety of sources. These sources can be categorized as conventional and non-conventional source of energy. The conventional sources are Fossil Fuel Energy, Hydraulic Energy and Nuclear Energy. Out of these, the fossil fuels are used to generate energy in more than 85% of all energy sources. Hydraulic Energy system has got a high setup cost, while Nuclear Energy involves a high risk. On the other hand, there has been a rapid and massive depletion and exhaustion of fossil fuels globally, for last few decades. Currently, there is hardly a stock of around 100 years of fossil fuel at the present rate of turnover (International Energy Annual 2006)[1].There are a number of wars, massive economic and political instability on gaining control over the fossil fuel reserve in the world.
Another important aspect in the area of energy conservation is prevention and utilization of wastage of energy drawn from various conventional and non conventional sources. During execution of the activity of various machines, a part of energy is lost due to friction and vibration and dissipated as unused heat. Systems have been developed to reduce these energy losses; however it cannot be completely prevented.
These byproducts of machine operations can be suitably used to generate power. Energy harvesting stands for recovering energy wasted in a process and to store and reuse that energy in another process. In the present project, we intend to utilize the vibration and wind backlash generated during locomotives operation as a means of energy harvest and to use them as a source to carry out other purposeful activities. We have aimed to develop an alternate source of energy instrument. The source is fed with the unused energy produced due to locomotive movements such as noise, heat, backlash wind and vibrations and produces a controlled electric power.

For this purpose three models are being proposed here which are.
• Induction Based Vibration Generator:- in this model a bar magnet will be moved vertically with the help of vibration within a coil. The set up will be designed such that the magnet undergoes vertical motion due to the vibration. As the magnet will vibrate within the coil a voltage will generate in the coil.
• Backlash Wind Turbine:- In this model a set of small turbines will be attached with the vehicle. The turbines will rotate as the vehicle moves forward and thus generate voltage.

1.2 OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this project can be divided in two parts as listed below,
• To derive the generalized equation for electromagnetic induction generator using vibration as a source and small scale wind turbine generator uses backlash wind of a locomotive as a source.
• To design an induction generator and small scale wind turbine such that they can be used as a voltage source with good power rating.

1.3 MOTIVATION OF THE PRESENT PROJECT:
Among various forms and types of non conventional energy system, the entities which reasonably attracted maximum attention to the academia and the industry are solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy, biomass fuel system etc. However, relatively lesser emphasis has been poised on the form of energy harvesting utilizing mechanical vibration and backlash wind produced during operation of the machines; as a source.
In view of the potential role of vibration and backlash wind produced in a moving automobile or a locomotive in generating power, which can be appropriately stored and used; it will be highly prudent to explore this area of non-conventional energy sources.

TITLE - DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL OF WASTED ENERGY HARVESTING FROM VIBRATION AND BACKLASH WIND AS A SOURCE
AUTHOR - ABHILASH SENGUPTA
••••••IJSER Edition - November 2013

UNIVERSITY - Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra
GUIDE NAME -
SANDEEP SINGH SOLANKI